Chapter 5, Problem 58AP

(a) Give the complete electron configuration $\left({\text{1s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{2s}}^{\text{2}}\text{2p}\dots \right)$ of aluminum in the ground state.

(b) The wavelength of the radiation emitted when the outermost electron of aluminum falls from the 4s state to the ground state is about 395 nm. Calculate the energy separation (in joules) between these two states in the Al atom.

(c) When the outermost electron in aluminum falls from the 3d state to the ground state, the radiation emitted has a wavelength of about 310 nm. Draw an energylevel diagram of the states and transitions discussed here and in (b). Calculate the separation (in joules) between the 3d and 4s states in aluminum. Indicate clearly which has higher energy.