Chapter 5, Problem 5.47P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The volumetric flowrate of air as it enters the bottom of the fermenter and the volumetric flowrate of gas leaving the top of the fermenter should be determined.

Concept introduction:

The ideal gas law is an ideal gas equation which is a good approximation of many gases under some conditions. The ideal gas equation is given as follows:

$\begin{array}{l}PV=nRT\\ V=\frac{nRT}{P}\\ \\ \text{Here,}\\ \text{n=Number of Moles}\\ \text{R=Universal Gas Constant}\\ \text{T=Temperature}\\ \text{V=Volume}\\ \text{P=Pressure of Gas}\end{array}$

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

To interpret the average bubble diameter at the entry point of the air and as the gas leaves the liquid at the top of the fermenter.

Concept introduction:

The volume of bubble $\left(\text{<mover accent="’true'"><mo>V</mo><mo>^</mo></mover>}\right)$ is calculated as:

$\hat{V}=\frac{4}{3}\pi {\left(\frac{d}{2}\right)}^3$

Area of bubble $\left(\text{A}\right)$ is calculated as:

$A=\frac{\hat{n}}{\hat{V}}$

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The difference that the bubble size makes in the design and operation of the fermenter should be determined.

Concept introduction:

The design and mode of operation of a fermenter mainly depends on the production organism, the optimal operating condition required for target product formation, product value and scale of production.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The meaning and importance of gram-negative bacteria should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Acetobacter Aceti is an obligate aerobe, which means that it requires oxygen to grow.