Chapter 5, Problem 5.2P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the particles in a gas are farther apart or closer together than the particles in a liquid is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. The three states of matter are as follows:

Solids – Solids are those substances in which the constituent particles are tightly packed. Solids have a fixed shape and volume.

Liquids – Liquids are those substances in which the constituent particles are loosely packed compared to those of the solids but tighter than those of the gases. Liquids take the shape of the container they fill.

Gases – Gases are those substances in which the constituent particles are free to move around. Gases neither have a definite shape nor a definite volume.

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The general observation that the gases are more compressible than liquid is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Gases have weak intramolecular forces of attraction in comparison to liquids. The weak intramolecular forces lead to very less attraction among the gaseous particles resulting in its free motion.

Liquids have stronger intramolecular forces of attraction than gases and this property of liquids make it highly fluid in nature.

The intermolecular space in the gases is larger than the intermolecular space in the liquids.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The general observation that the gases have lower viscosities than liquids is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Gases have weak intramolecular forces of attraction in comparison to liquids. The weak intramolecular forces lead to very less attraction among the gaseous particles resulting in its free motion.

Liquids have stronger intramolecular forces of attraction than gases and this property of liquids make it highly fluid in nature.

The intermolecular space in the gases is larger than intermolecular space in the liquids.

The viscosity can be defined as the measurement of the resistance of the substances.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The general observation that all gas mixtures are a solution after thorough stirring is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Gases have weak intramolecular forces of attraction in comparison to liquids. The weak intramolecular forces lead to very less attraction among the gaseous particles resulting in its free motion.

Liquids have stronger intramolecular forces of attraction than gases and this property of liquids make it highly fluid in nature.

The intermolecular space in the gases is larger than the intermolecular space in the liquids.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The general observation that the density of a substance in the gas state is lower than in the liquid state is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Gases have weak intramolecular forces of attraction in comparison to liquids. The weak intramolecular forces lead to very less attraction among the gaseous particles resulting into its free motion.

Liquids have stronger intramolecular forces of attraction than gases and this property of liquids make it highly fluid in nature.

As temperature decreases, the density of the gas increases.

The intermolecular space in the gases are larger than intermolecular space in the liquids.