Thereason as to why hydrogen and not bromine is abstracted from hydrogen bromide by the free radical reactant is to be stated. Concept introduction: The bond dissociation energy is denoted by Δ H ° . It is the energy required to break the bond between two atoms in the chemical reaction . In other words, it describes the strength of a bond in the chemical reaction. The breaking of a bond takes place by the absorption of energy.

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Answer 1

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Formula Formula Bond dissociation energy (BDE) is the energy required to break a bond, making it an endothermic process. BDE is calculated for a particular bond and therefore consists of fragments such as radicals since it undergoes homolytic bond cleavage. For the homolysis of a X-Y molecule, the energy of bond dissociation is calculated as the difference in the total enthalpy of formation for the reactants and products. X-Y → X + Y BDE = Δ H f X + Δ H f Y – Δ H f X-Y where, ΔHf is the heat of formation.

Chapter 5, Problem 5.25P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Thereason as to why hydrogen and not bromine is abstracted from hydrogen bromide by the free radical reactant is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The bond dissociation energy is denoted by ΔH°. It is the energy required to break the bond between two atoms in the chemical reaction. In other words, it describes the strength of a bond in the chemical reaction. The breaking of a bond takes place by the absorption of energy.

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1) The carbon-oxygen double bond present in aldehydes and ketones is very polar. What does this mean and how does it arise? 2) The carbon-oxygen double bond is readily attacked by nucleophiles like cyanide ions or ammonia. (i) What do you understand by the term nucleophile? (ii) Which part of the carbon-oxygen double bond is attractive to nucleophiles? 3) Why is there a difference between aldehydes and ketones in their response to oxidizing agents such as potassium dichromate(VI) solution acidified with dilute sulfuric acid?

a) Consider the reaction of HBr with ethylene and propylene. At roomtemperature the reaction of propylene with HBr is much faster than thereaction with ethylene.Using reaction energy diagrams and your knowledge of carbocationstability explain why this is so. b) Xylene (dimethylbenzene) is a commonly used chemical in the printingindustry and as a cleaning solvent for oily waste. It is also used whenpreparing histological samples to remove waxes from biological samples.Draw the three possible structures for this compound and give the UPACnames for each. Define which structures are ortho, meta, and para.

The reaction is a nucleophilic substitution, A is OH- and B is an alkyl bromide. Give the reaction mechanism and explain your reasoning.

Answer 2

Question

Formula Formula Bond dissociation energy (BDE) is the energy required to break a bond, making it an endothermic process. BDE is calculated for a particular bond and therefore consists of fragments such as radicals since it undergoes homolytic bond cleavage. For the homolysis of a X-Y molecule, the energy of bond dissociation is calculated as the difference in the total enthalpy of formation for the reactants and products. X-Y → X + Y BDE = Δ H f X + Δ H f Y – Δ H f X-Y where, ΔHf is the heat of formation.

Chapter 5, Problem 5.25P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Thereason as to why hydrogen and not bromine is abstracted from hydrogen bromide by the free radical reactant is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The bond dissociation energy is denoted by ΔH°. It is the energy required to break the bond between two atoms in the chemical reaction. In other words, it describes the strength of a bond in the chemical reaction. The breaking of a bond takes place by the absorption of energy.

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Answer 3

Question

Formula Formula Bond dissociation energy (BDE) is the energy required to break a bond, making it an endothermic process. BDE is calculated for a particular bond and therefore consists of fragments such as radicals since it undergoes homolytic bond cleavage. For the homolysis of a X-Y molecule, the energy of bond dissociation is calculated as the difference in the total enthalpy of formation for the reactants and products. X-Y → X + Y BDE = Δ H f X + Δ H f Y – Δ H f X-Y where, ΔHf is the heat of formation.

Chapter 5, Problem 5.25P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Thereason as to why hydrogen and not bromine is abstracted from hydrogen bromide by the free radical reactant is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The bond dissociation energy is denoted by ΔH°. It is the energy required to break the bond between two atoms in the chemical reaction. In other words, it describes the strength of a bond in the chemical reaction. The breaking of a bond takes place by the absorption of energy.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

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Answer 4

Question

Formula Formula Bond dissociation energy (BDE) is the energy required to break a bond, making it an endothermic process. BDE is calculated for a particular bond and therefore consists of fragments such as radicals since it undergoes homolytic bond cleavage. For the homolysis of a X-Y molecule, the energy of bond dissociation is calculated as the difference in the total enthalpy of formation for the reactants and products. X-Y → X + Y BDE = Δ H f X + Δ H f Y – Δ H f X-Y where, ΔHf is the heat of formation.

Chapter 5, Problem 5.25P

Interpretation Introduction