PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY-STUDENT SOLN.MAN.
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781285074788
Author: Ball
Publisher: CENGAGE L
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Chapter 5, Problem 5.21E
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Using reaction free energy to predict equilibrium composition
Consider the following equilibrium:
2NO2 (g) = N2O4(g)
AGº = -5.4 kJ
Now suppose a reaction vessel is filled with 4.53 atm of dinitrogen tetroxide (N2O4) at 279. °C. Answer the following questions about this system:
Under these conditions, will the pressure of N2O4 tend to rise or fall?
Is it possible to reverse this tendency by adding NO2?
In other words, if you said the pressure of N2O4 will tend to rise, can that
be changed to a tendency to fall by adding NO2? Similarly, if you said the
pressure of N2O4 will tend to fall, can that be changed to a tendency to
'2'
rise by adding NO2?
If you said the tendency can be reversed in the second question, calculate
the minimum pressure of NO 2 needed to reverse it.
Round your answer to 2 significant digits.
00
rise
☐ x10
fall
yes
no
☐ atm
G
Ar
1
Why do we analyse salt?
Curved arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. Using
the provided starting and product structures, draw the curved
electron-pushing arrows for the following reaction or
mechanistic step(s).
Be sure to account for all bond-breaking and bond-making
steps.
H
H
CH3OH, H+
H
Select to Add Arrows
H°
0:0
'H
+
Q
HH
■ Select to Add Arrows
CH3OH,
H*
H.
H
CH3OH, H+
HH
■ Select to Add Arrows i
Please select a drawing or reagent from the question area
Chapter 5 Solutions
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY-STUDENT SOLN.MAN.
Ch. 5 - 5.1. Can a battery that has a voltage be...Ch. 5 - 5.2. What is the difference between a static...Ch. 5 - Which system in each pair best represents...Ch. 5 -
5.4. Supersaturated solutions can be made in...Ch. 5 -
5.5. Following is a chemical reaction between...Ch. 5 - 5.6. The following is a reaction with its initial...Ch. 5 - The following is a reaction with initial amounts...Ch. 5 - 5.8. The hemoglobin in blood establishes an...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.9ECh. 5 - 5.10. If and gases were contained in a system...
Ch. 5 - 5.11. Determine the numerical value of Q for the...Ch. 5 - 5.12. True or false: If all the partial pressures...Ch. 5 - For the reaction 2SO3(g)2SO2(g)+O2(g) when 2mol of...Ch. 5 - 5.14. Determine and for the following reaction at...Ch. 5 - 5.15. Consider the reaction
If the partial...Ch. 5 -
5.16. In atmospheric chemistry, the following...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.17ECh. 5 - 5.18. Hydrogen cyanide can isomerize to hydrogen...Ch. 5 - 5.19. Assume that a reaction exists such that...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.20ECh. 5 - 5.21. Show that if the coefficients of a balanced...Ch. 5 - 5.22. True or false: If for a gas-phase reaction,...Ch. 5 - 5.23. The balanced chemical reaction for the...Ch. 5 - The answers in exercise 5.23 should show that...Ch. 5 - At a high enough temperature, the equilibrium...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.26ECh. 5 - 5.27. Nitrogen dioxide,, dimerizes easily to form...Ch. 5 - 5.28. Another nitrogen-oxygen reaction of some...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.29ECh. 5 - Prob. 5.30ECh. 5 - Prob. 5.31ECh. 5 - 5.32. For the reaction
. (a) Using in Appendix...Ch. 5 - 5.33. Use the data in Appendix to calculate ...Ch. 5 - 5.34. The of diamond, a crystalline form of...Ch. 5 - 5.35. The densities of graphite and diamond are ...Ch. 5 - Buckminsterfullerene, C60, is a spherical molecule...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.37ECh. 5 - At what pressure does H2O have an activity of...Ch. 5 - The bisulfate or hydrogen sulfate anion, HSO4, is...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.40ECh. 5 - Write the equilibrium constant expression for each...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.42ECh. 5 - For the given chemical equilibrium, these data are...Ch. 5 - Biological standard states include specifying a...Ch. 5 - a At 25.0C, Kw for the autoionization of water is...Ch. 5 - 5.46. For a reaction whose standard enthalpy...Ch. 5 - 5.47. For the reaction
and . Estimate for this...Ch. 5 - 5.48. The isotope exchange reaction
has an...Ch. 5 - 5.49. Consider the following equilibrium:
What...Ch. 5 - 5.50. For the equilibrium
Equilibrium partial...Ch. 5 - The decomposition of NaHCO3, used in kitchens to...Ch. 5 - 5.52. For the equilibrium
at,. In a flask, of...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.53ECh. 5 - 5.54. For the reaction
The equilibrium...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.55ECh. 5 - 5.56. Of the amino acids listed in Table , which...Ch. 5 - 5.57. Determine the concentration of the three...Ch. 5 - 5.58. The formation of zwitterionic glycine, ,...Ch. 5 - 5.59. Monosodium glutamate, or MSG, is the sodium...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.60ECh. 5 - Consider the balanced chemical reaction...Ch. 5 - For the gas-phase reaction 2H2+O22H2O rxnG is...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.63ECh. 5 - Prob. 5.64E
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- What are examples of analytical methods that can be used to analyse salt in tomato sauce?arrow_forwardA common alkene starting material is shown below. Predict the major product for each reaction. Use a dash or wedge bond to indicate the relative stereochemistry of substituents on asymmetric centers, where applicable. Ignore any inorganic byproducts H Šali OH H OH Select to Edit Select to Draw 1. BH3-THF 1. Hg(OAc)2, H2O =U= 2. H2O2, NaOH 2. NaBH4, NaOH + Please select a drawing or reagent from the question areaarrow_forwardWhat is the MOHR titration & AOAC method? What is it and how does it work? How can it be used to quantify salt in a sample?arrow_forward
- Predict the major products of this reaction. Cl₂ hv ? Draw only the major product or products in the drawing area below. If there's more than one major product, you can draw them in any arrangement you like. Be sure you use wedge and dash bonds if necessary, for example to distinguish between major products with different stereochemistry. If there will be no products because there will be no significant reaction, just check the box under the drawing area and leave it blank. Note for advanced students: you can ignore any products of repeated addition. Explanation Check Click and drag to start drawing a structure. 80 10 m 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Center | Accessibility DII A F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 EO F11arrow_forwardGiven a system with an anodic overpotential, the variation of η as a function of current density- at low fields is linear.- at higher fields, it follows Tafel's law.Calculate the range of current densities for which the overpotential has the same value when calculated for both cases (the maximum relative difference will be 5%, compared to the behavior for higher fields).arrow_forwardUsing reaction free energy to predict equilibrium composition Consider the following equilibrium: N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) = 2NH3 (g) AGº = -34. KJ Now suppose a reaction vessel is filled with 8.06 atm of nitrogen (N2) and 2.58 atm of ammonia (NH3) at 106. °C. Answer the following questions about this system: rise Under these conditions, will the pressure of N2 tend to rise or fall? ☐ x10 fall Is it possible to reverse this tendency by adding H₂? In other words, if you said the pressure of N2 will tend to rise, can that be changed to a tendency to fall by adding H2? Similarly, if you said the pressure of N will tend to fall, can that be changed to a tendency to rise by adding H₂? If you said the tendency can be reversed in the second question, calculate the minimum pressure of H₂ needed to reverse it. Round your answer to 2 significant digits. yes no ☐ atm Х ด ? olo 18 Ararrow_forward
- Four liters of an aqueous solution containing 6.98 mg of acetic acid were prepared. At 25°C, the measured conductivity was 5.89x10-3 mS cm-1. Calculate the degree of dissociation of the acid and its ionization constant.Molecular weights: O (15.999), C (12.011), H (1.008).Limiting molar ionic conductivities (λ+0 and λ-0) of Ac-(aq) and H+(aq): 40.9 and 349.8 S cm-2 mol-1.arrow_forwardDetermine the change in Gibbs energy, entropy, and enthalpy at 25°C for the battery from which the data in the table were obtained.T (°C) 15 20 25 30 35Eo (mV) 227.13 224.38 221.87 219.37 216.59Data: n = 1, F = 96485 C mol–1arrow_forwardIndicate the correct options.1. The units of the transport number are Siemens per mole.2. The Siemens and the ohm are not equivalent.3. The Van't Hoff factor is dimensionless.4. Molar conductivity does not depend on the electrolyte concentration.arrow_forward
- Ideally nonpolarizable electrodes can1. participate as reducers in reactions.2. be formed only with hydrogen.3. participate as oxidizers in reactions.4. form open and closed electrochemical systems.arrow_forwardIndicate the options for an electrified interface:1. Temperature has no influence on it.2. Not all theories that describe it include a well-defined electrical double layer.3. Under favorable conditions, its differential capacitance can be determined with the help of experimental measurements.4. A component with high electronic conductivity is involved in its formation.arrow_forwardTo describe the structure of the interface, there are theories or models that can be distinguished by:1. calculation of the charge density.2. distribution of ions in the solution.3. experimentally measured potential difference.4. external Helmoltz plane.arrow_forward
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