Chapter 5, Problem 5.11P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The group with higher priority from the given pair is to be identified.

Concept introduction: The groups are prioritized on the basis of atomic number of their atoms. The group that contain atom with higher atomic number is given higher priority. However, in case of isotopes, the atomic number is same but the mass number is different. The isotope with higher mass number is given higher priority.

Answer to Problem 5.11P

The priority of ethyl group $\left(-{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\right)$ is higher than the methyl group $\left(-{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\right)$.

Explanation of Solution

The groups are prioritized on the basis of atomic number of their atoms. The group that contain atom with higher atomic number is given higher priority. In methyl group $\left(-{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\right)$, carbon atom is bonded to three hydrogen atoms and in ethyl group $\left(-{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\right)$, carbon atom is bonded to two hydrogen atoms and one carbon atom. The atomic mass of carbon is more than hydrogen. Therefore, the higher priority is given to ethyl group $\left(-{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\right)$ than methyl group $\left(-{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\right)$.

Conclusion

The higher priority is given to ethyl group $\left(-{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\right)$ than methyl group $\left(-{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\right)$.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The group with higher priority from the given pair is to be identified.

Concept introduction: The groups are prioritized on the basis of atomic number of their atoms. The group that contain atom with higher atomic number is given higher priority. However, in case of isotopes, the atomic number is same but the mass number is different. The isotope with higher mass number is given higher priority.

Answer to Problem 5.11P

The higher priority is given to group $-\text{I}$ than group $-\text{Br}$.

Explanation of Solution

The groups are prioritized on the basis of atomic number of their atoms. The group that contain atom with higher atomic number is given higher priority. The atomic number of Iodine group $\left(-\text{I}\right)$ is $53$ and the atomic number of Bromine group $\left(-\text{Br}\right)$ is $35$. Therefore, the higher priority is given to group $-\text{I}$ than group $-\text{Br}$.

Conclusion

The higher priority is given to group $-\text{I}$ than group $-\text{Br}$.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The group with higher priority from the given pair is to be identified.

Concept introduction: The groups are prioritized on the basis of atomic number of their atoms. The group that contain atom with higher atomic number is given higher priority. However, in case of isotopes, the atomic number is same but the mass number is different. The isotope with higher mass number is given higher priority.

Answer to Problem 5.11P

The higher priority is given to group $-\text{D}$ than group $-\text{H}$.

Explanation of Solution

The groups are prioritized on the basis of atomic number of their atoms. The group that contain atom with higher atomic number is given higher priority. However, in case of isotopes, the atomic number is same but the mass number is different. The isotope with higher mass number is given higher priority.

The mass number of group $-\text{H}$ is $1$ whereas the mass number of $-\text{D}$ is $2$. Therefore, the higher priority is given to $-\text{D}$ than $-\text{H}$.

Conclusion

The higher priority is given to group $-\text{D}$ than group $-\text{H}$.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation: The group with higher priority from the given pair is to be identified.

Concept introduction: The groups are prioritized on the basis of atomic number of their atoms. The group that contain atom with higher atomic number is given higher priority. However, in case of isotopes, the atomic number is same but the mass number is different. The isotope with higher mass number is given higher priority.

Answer to Problem 5.11P

The higher priority is given to group $-{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}\text{Br}$ than group $-{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}\text{Br}$.

Explanation of Solution

The groups are prioritized on the basis of atomic number of their atoms. The group that contain atom with higher atomic number is given higher priority.

In group $-{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}\text{Br}$, the first carbon atom is bonded to another carbon atom whereas in group $-{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}\text{Br}$, carbon atom is bonded to $\text{Br}$. The atomic number of $\text{Br}$ is more than carbon atom. Therefore, the higher priority is given to group $-{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}\text{Br}$ than $-{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}\text{Br}$

Conclusion

The higher priority is given to group $-{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}\text{Br}$ than group $-{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}\text{Br}$.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation: The group with higher priority from the given pair is to be identified.

Concept introduction: The groups are prioritized on the basis of atomic number of their atoms. The group that contain atom with higher atomic number is given higher priority. However, in case of isotopes, the atomic number is same but the mass number is different. The isotope with higher mass number is given higher priority.

Answer to Problem 5.11P

The higher priority is given to group $-{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}\text{Cl}$ than group $-{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}\text{CH}{\left({\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\right)}_{\text{2}}$

Explanation of Solution

The groups are prioritized on the basis of atomic number of their atoms. The group that contain atom with higher atomic number is given higher priority.

The second carbon atom of group $-{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}\text{Cl}$ and $-{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}\text{CH}{\left({\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\right)}_{\text{2}}$ is bonded to chlorine and carbon atom, respectively. The atomic number of chlorine is $17$ and the atomic number of carbon is $6$. Hence, the atomic number of chlorine is more than the atomic number of carbon. Therefore, the higher priority is given to group $-{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}\text{Cl}$ than group $-{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}\text{CH}{\left({\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\right)}_{\text{2}}$.

Conclusion

The higher priority is given to group $-{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}\text{Cl}$ than group $-{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}\text{CH}{\left({\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\right)}_{\text{2}}$.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation: The group with higher priority from the given pair is to be identified.

Concept introduction: The groups are prioritized on the basis of atomic number of their atoms. The group that contain atom with higher atomic number is given higher priority. However, in case of isotopes, the atomic number is same but the mass number is different. The isotope with higher mass number is given higher priority.

Answer to Problem 5.11P

The higher priority is given to group $-\text{CHO}$ than group $-{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$.

Explanation of Solution

The groups are prioritized on the basis of atomic number of their atoms. The group that contain atom with higher atomic number is given higher priority.

The carbon atom of group $-\text{CHO}$ and group $-{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$ is bonded to oxygen atom by double and single bond respectively. When a carbon atom is bonded to oxygen atom by double bond then it is assumed that two oxygen atoms are attached to carbon atom. Hence, in group $-\text{CHO}$, the carbon is attached with two oxygen atom. The atomic number of oxygen is more than the atomic number of carbon. Therefore, the higher priority is given to group $-\text{CHO}$ than group $-{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$.

Conclusion

The higher priority is given to group $-\text{CHO}$ than group $-{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$.