Student Solutions Manual for Bettelheim/Brown/Campbell/Farrell/Torres' Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, 11th
Student Solutions Manual for Bettelheim/Brown/Campbell/Farrell/Torres' Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, 11th
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781305081055
Author: Bettelheim, Frederick A.
Publisher: Cengage Learning
bartleby

Concept explainers

bartleby

Videos

Textbook Question
Book Icon
Chapter 5, Problem 5.118P

5-118 Isooctane, which has a chemical formula C8H18 is the component of gasoline from which the term octane rating derives.

(a) Write the balanced chemical equation for the combustion of isooctane.

(b) The density of isooctane is 0.792 g/mL. How many kg of C02 are produced each year by the annual U.S. gasoline consumption of Chapter 5, Problem 5.118P, 5-118 Isooctane, which has a chemical formula C8H18 is the component of gasoline from which the term , example  1L?

(c) What is the volume in liters of this CO2 at STP?

(d) The chemical formula for isooctane can be represented by (CH3)3CCH2CH(CH3)2. Draw a Lewis structure of isooctane.

(e) Another molecule with the same molecular formula is octane, which can be represented by:

Chapter 5, Problem 5.118P, 5-118 Isooctane, which has a chemical formula C8H18 is the component of gasoline from which the term , example  2

When comparing isooctane and octane, one structure is observed to have a boiling point of 99°C, while another is known to have a boiling point Of 125°C. Which substance, isooctane or octane, is expected to have the higher boiling point?

(f) Determine whether isooctane or octane is expected to have the greater vapor pressure.

(a)

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The balanced chemical equation for the combustion of isooctane should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

In a balanced chemical equation, all the constituents present in the reaction have equal number of atoms on both side of the reaction arrow.

Answer to Problem 5.118P

2C8H18(l) + 25O2(g)  16CO2(g) + 18H2(g).

Explanation of Solution

Isooctane on combustion in the presence of oxygen produces carbon dioxide gas along with water vapor. The balanced chemical equation of the reaction is taking place as depicted below:

2C8H18(l) + 25O2(g)  16CO2(g) + 18H2(g).

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The mass in kg of CO2 are produced each year by the annual US gasoline consumption should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Mass of carbon dioxide produces can be obtained from the balanced reaction i.e. 228.46g of gasoline produces 704.16g of carbon dioxide.

Density of a substance is defined as mass per unit volume. It is mathematically represented as follows:

d=mV

Here, m is mass and v is volume of the substance.

Answer to Problem 5.118P

Mass of carbon dioxide produces yearly is 11.2×1011 kg..

Explanation of Solution

Volume of gasoline consumed in 1 year is 4.6 × 1010 L.

Density of the fuel = 0.792 g/mL.

To calculate mass of gasoline, multiply volume of gasoline consumed with its density.

Mass = Volume × Density=4.6×1010 L ×1000mL1L ×0.792 gmL= 3.64 × 1013g

Therefore, the mass of gasoline = 3.64 × 1013 g.

The balanced combustion reaction of gasoline is as follows.

2C8H18(l) + 25O2(g)  16CO2(g) + 18H2(g)

From the balanced reaction, 228.46g of gasoline produces 704.16g of carbon dioxide.

To calculate the mass of carbon dioxide produces from the 3.64 × 1013g of gasoline is as follows:

3.64×1013g Gasoline × 704.16 g CO2228.46 g Gasoline  = 11.2×1013g CO2

To convert the mass of carbon dioxide from g to kg as follows:

11.2×1013gCO2× 1kg102g = 11.2×1011kg

Therefore, mass of carbon dioxide produces yearly is 11.2×1011kg..

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The volume of CO2 in liter at STP should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Volume CO2 in liter at STP can be determined by calculating moles of CO2 and then using the concept that at STP for each mode of gas occupies 22.4 L.

Answer to Problem 5.118P

The volume of carbon dioxide occupied is 5.70 x 1013CO2.

Explanation of Solution

To calculate the number of the moles of carbon dioxide, divide mass of carbon dioxide with its molar mass.

11.2×1013g CO2× 1mol CO244.01 g CO2  = 0.254×1013mol CO2

At STP for each mode of gas occupies 22.4 L.

Calculate the volume of carbon dioxide occupied by 0.254 × 1013 mol CO2 is as follows:

0.254×1013mol CO2× 22.4L CO21 mol CO2  = 5.70×1013 l CO2

Therefore, the volume of carbon dioxide occupied is 5.70 x 1013CO2.

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The Lewis structure of isooctane should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Lewis structure are diagrams which represents the bonding between atoms of a molecule and the lone pairs of electrons that might be present in the molecule.

Answer to Problem 5.118P

Student Solutions Manual for Bettelheim/Brown/Campbell/Farrell/Torres' Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, 11th, Chapter 5, Problem 5.118P , additional homework tip  1

Explanation of Solution

The lewis structure of isooctane is shown in the following diagram. Since, valence electrons in carbon atom are 4 and all the carbon atoms are attached with 4 other atoms (carbon and hydrogen), they have complete octets and all the electrons are engaged in bonding. Thus, there is no lone pair present on any atom.

Student Solutions Manual for Bettelheim/Brown/Campbell/Farrell/Torres' Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, 11th, Chapter 5, Problem 5.118P , additional homework tip  2

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

If isooctane or octane is expected to have the higher boiling point should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

One of the parameter for specific boiling point of any liquid can be explained by van der waals bonds.

Liquid having more van der waals bonds will show higher boiling point.

Answer to Problem 5.118P

Isooctance has fewer cohensive interactions than octane so Isooctance has lower boiling point.

Explanation of Solution

Van der Waals attractions increase with the surface areas of the interacting electron clouds. That is, the large the interacting surfaces, the greater the magnitude of the induced dipole. Because isooctance has less surface area at which van der waals interactions with other isooctane molecules can occur, it has fewer cohensive interactions than octane, and thus, a lower boiling point.

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

If isooctane or octane is expected to have the greater vapor pressure should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Vapor pressure depends on boiling point. lower boiling point shows higher vapor pressure.

Answer to Problem 5.118P

Isooctane is expected to have higher vapour pressure at certain temperature.

Explanation of Solution

As the boiling point of isooctane is lower than Octane, isooctane is expected to have higher vapour pressure at certain temperature.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!
Students have asked these similar questions
Show work. don't give Ai generated solution
Show work. Don't give Ai generated solution
Part A Give the IUPAC name and a common name for the following ether: CH3-CH2-O-CH2-CH2-CH3 Spell out the full names of the compound in the indicated order separated by a comma. Submit My Answers Give Up Part B Give the IUPAC name and a common name for the following ether: Spell out the full names of the compound in the indicated order separated by a comma. Submit My Answers Give Up

Chapter 5 Solutions

Student Solutions Manual for Bettelheim/Brown/Campbell/Farrell/Torres' Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, 11th

Ch. 5.10 - Prob. 5.11PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.12PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.13PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.14PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.15PCh. 5 - 5-16 Answer true or false. (a) For a sample of gas...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.17PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.18PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.19PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.20PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.21PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.22PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.23PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.24PCh. 5 - 5-25 A gas in a bulb as in Figure 5-3 registers a...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.26PCh. 5 - 5-27 A sample of the inhalation anesthetic gas...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.28PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.29PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.30PCh. 5 - 5-31 A balloon used for atmospheric research has a...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.32PCh. 5 - 5-33 A certain quantity of helium gas is at a...Ch. 5 - 5-34 A sample of 30.0 mL of krypton gas, Kr, is at...Ch. 5 - 5-35 A 26.4-mL sample of ethylene gas, C2H4, has a...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.36PCh. 5 - 5-37 A sample of a gas at 77°C and 1.33 atm...Ch. 5 - 5-38 What is the volume in liters occupied by 1.21...Ch. 5 - 5-39 An 8.00-g sample of a gas occupies 22.4 L at...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.40PCh. 5 - 5-41 Does the density of a gas increase, decrease,...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.42PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.43PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.44PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.45PCh. 5 - 5-46 Calculate the molar mass of a gas if 3.30 g...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.47PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.48PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.49PCh. 5 - 5-50 How many molecules of CO are in 100. L of CO...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.51PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.52PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.53PCh. 5 - 5-54 Automobile air bags are inflated by nitrogen...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.55PCh. 5 - 5-56 The three main components of dry air and the...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.57PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.58PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.59PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.60PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.61PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.62PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.63PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.64PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.65PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.66PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.67PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.68PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.69PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.70PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.71PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.72PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.73PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.74PCh. 5 - 5-75 The heat of vaporization of liquid Freon-12,...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.76PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.77PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.78PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.79PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.80PCh. 5 - 5-81 Compare the number of calories absorbed when...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.82PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.83PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.84PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.85PCh. 5 - 5-86 Using the phase diagram of water (Figure...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.87PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.88PCh. 5 - 5-89 (Chemical Connections 5C) In a...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.90PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.91PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.92PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.93PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.94PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.95PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.96PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.97PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.98PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.99PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.100PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.101PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.102PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.103PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.104PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.105PCh. 5 - 5-106 The normal boiling point of hexane, C6H14,...Ch. 5 - 5-107 If 60.0 g of NH3 occupies 35.1 L under a...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.108PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.109PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.110PCh. 5 - 5-111 Diving, particularly SCUBA (Self-Contained...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.112PCh. 5 - 5-113 Ammonia and gaseous hydrogen chloride react...Ch. 5 - 5-114 Carbon dioxide gas, saturated with water...Ch. 5 - 5-115 Ammonium nitrite decomposes upon heating to...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.116PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.117PCh. 5 - 5-118 Isooctane, which has a chemical formula...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.119PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.120P
Knowledge Booster
Background pattern image
Chemistry
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.
Recommended textbooks for you
Text book image
Chemistry: Principles and Reactions
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305079373
Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. Hurley
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
Chemistry: Matter and Change
Chemistry
ISBN:9780078746376
Author:Dinah Zike, Laurel Dingrando, Nicholas Hainen, Cheryl Wistrom
Publisher:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill School Pub Co
Text book image
Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781285869759
Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar Torres
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
Chemistry for Engineering Students
Chemistry
ISBN:9781337398909
Author:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom Holme
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
General Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Cour...
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305580343
Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; Darrell
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
Principles of Modern Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305079113
Author:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. Butler
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Step by Step Stoichiometry Practice Problems | How to Pass ChemistryMole Conversions Made Easy: How to Convert Between Grams and Moles; Author: Ketzbook;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b2raanVWU6c;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY