Microbiology: An Introduction (13th Edition)
13th Edition
ISBN: 9780134605180
Author: Gerard J. Tortora, Berdell R. Funke, Christine L. Case, Derek Weber, Warner Bair
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 5, Problem 3CAE
The bacterial enzyme streptokinase is used to digest fibrin (blood clots) in patients with atherosclerosis. Why doesn’t injection of streptokinase cause a streptococcal infection? How do we know the streptokinase will digest fibrin only and not good tissues?
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“Good” bacteria help prevent C. difficile infection by occupying the sites on the intestinal wall where C. difficile could attach and multiply. C. difficile produces toxins that activate macrophages and mast cells, cause leukocyte chemotaxis and the production of chemical mediators, which leads to fluid secretion. What type of response(s) is (are) characterized by these processes?
Would this be inflammation? Or would it be a cell-mediated response, specific immune response? Or humoral response with T cells perhaps? I'm having a lot of trouble identifying the biological immune mechanism.
Which of the following statements is incorrect?
a. Mucosal surfaces are better than skin surfaces at supporting colonization by commensal microorganisms.
b. The skin provides a larger surface area than mucosal surfaces for commensal microorganisms.
c. There are ten times as many bacteria residing in the intestinal tract than the number of cells in the human body.
d. It is common for commensal bacteria to live in symbiosis with their human hosts.
e. During gestation in mammals, a fetus does not have any commensal microorganisms on their skin or mucosal surfaces.
Explain how Vibrio cholerae causes cholera without apparent damage to the intestinal epithelium.
a.
This microbe attaches to the surface of intestinal epithelial cells, producing an endotoxin that causes the epithelium to secrete potassium ions. This induces small amounts of water to follow by osmosis, resulting in the watery rice-stool characteristic of the illness.
b.
This microbe causes destruction of the cellular structures underneath the intestinal epithelium—this is what induces the watery rice-stool characteristic of the illness. This leaves the overlying intestinal epithelium intact.
c.
This microbe directly invades the intestinal epithelial cells, but does not kill them. Instead, while multiplying inside them, it causes them to secrete large amounts of chloride ions. This induces water to follow by osmosis, resulting in the watery rice-stool characteristic of the illness.
d.
This microbe attaches to the surface of intestinal epithelial cells, producing an exotoxin…
Chapter 5 Solutions
Microbiology: An Introduction (13th Edition)
Ch. 5 - Prob. 1RCh. 5 - DRAW ITUsing the diagrams below, show each of the...Ch. 5 - DRAW IT An enzyme and substrate are combined. The...Ch. 5 - Define oxidation-reduction, and differentiate the...Ch. 5 - There are three mechanisms for the phosphorylation...Ch. 5 - All of the energy-producing biochemical reactions...Ch. 5 - Fill in the following table with the carbon source...Ch. 5 - Write your own definition of the chemiosmotic...Ch. 5 - Why must NADH be reoxidized? How does this happen...Ch. 5 - NAME IT What nutritional type is a colorless...
Ch. 5 - Which substance in the following reaction is being...Ch. 5 - Which of the following reactions produces the most...Ch. 5 - Prob. 3MCQCh. 5 - Which of the following compounds has the greatest...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5MCQCh. 5 - Prob. 6MCQCh. 5 - Which culture produces the most lactic acid? Use...Ch. 5 - Which culture produces the most ATP? Use the...Ch. 5 - Which culture uses NAD+? Use the following choices...Ch. 5 - Which culture uses the most glucose? Use the...Ch. 5 - Explain why, even under ideal conditions,...Ch. 5 - The following graph shows the normal rate of...Ch. 5 - Compare and contrast carbohydrate catabolism and...Ch. 5 - How much ATP could be obtained from the complete...Ch. 5 - The chemoautotroph Acidithiobacillus can obtain...Ch. 5 - Haemophilus influenzae requires hemin (X factor)...Ch. 5 - The drug Hivid, also called ddC, inhibits DNA...Ch. 5 - The bacterial enzyme streptokinase is used to...
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