To name: The pathways diagrammed in parts (a), (b), and (c) of the given figure. Introduction: Cellular mechanisms involved in many reactions in which the transfer of electrons from one molecule to another take place by means of oxidation-reduction reactions . The oxidation and reduction reactions are always coupled, the form of undergoes oxidation and another form undergoes reduction simultaneously.

Question

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 5, Problem 1R

Summary Introduction

To name:

The pathways diagrammed in parts (a), (b), and (c) of the given figure.

Introduction:

Cellular mechanisms involved in many reactions in which the transfer of electrons from one molecule to another take place by means of oxidation-reduction reactions. The oxidation and reduction reactions are always coupled, the form of undergoes oxidation and another form undergoes reduction simultaneously.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The given diagram is the Calvin-Benson cycle. In this cycle, three molecules of carbon dioxide are fixed and one molecule of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is produced. After that, it leaves the cycle is shown in the below diagram.

Microbiology: An Introduction (13th Edition), Chapter 5, Problem 1R , additional homework tip 1

The given b diagram resembles the Glycolysis pathway. In this pathway, the oxidation of glucose yields two molecules of pyruvic acid as its end product.

Microbiology: An Introduction (13th Edition), Chapter 5, Problem 1R , additional homework tip 2

The below-given diagram is the Kreb’s cycle. Here, the decarboxylation of pyruvic acid produces one carbon dioxide molecule and one acetyl group.

Microbiology: An Introduction (13th Edition), Chapter 5, Problem 1R , additional homework tip 3

Summary Introduction

To review:

The anabolic and catabolic mechanisms in the given pathways.

Introduction:

The cellular mechanism of all living organisms requires the energy for its metabolism. However, the conversion of energy from the organic compounds undergoes the catabolic and anabolic process in different pathways, such as glycolysis, TCA and Calvin-Benson cycle to produce the energy in the form of ATP.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Glycolysis and the Citric acid cycle are the major pathways for anabolic and catabolic mechanisms of all organic molecules, such as carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. Glycerol is catabolized as Dihydroxyacetone phosphate in the Glycolysis pathway (a) and fatty acids are catabolized as acetyl CoA int he TCA cycle (b).
Glutamic acid is catabolized in the Krebs cycle (c). Glutamic acid is an amino acid which is catabolized by Kreb’s cycle at α-ketoglutaric acid which is formed from isocitric acid.
In the Calvin-Benson cycle, Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is the end product, which enters into glycolysis. In glycolysis, the glucose is oxidized into pyruvate which is decarboxylated to acetyl group and entered into the Kreb’s cycle.
The Calvin cycle requires 18 molecules of ATP between glucose and glyceraldehyde 3- phosphate.
Three molecules of carbon dioxide (CO₂) is released in the Kreb’s cycle,
- Between pyruvate to acetyl CoA.
- Between isocitric acid to α-ketoglutarate (TCA cycle).
- Between α-ketoglutarate to succinyl CoA.
The long chain hydrocarbon like such as acetyl group is catabolized in the TCA cycle at acetyl CoA. This acetyl group like hydrocarbons are catabolized by beta-oxidation which enters into the Kreb’s cycle.
The production of NADH, FADH2 or NADH in glycolysis, Calvin-Benson and TCA cycles are,

	Utilizes	Produces
Glycolysis		2 NADH
Calvin-Benson cycle	6 NADPH
Pyruvate to acetyl CoA		1 NADH
Isocitrate to α-ketoglutaric acid		1 NADH
α-keto-glutaric to succinyl CoA		1 NADH
Succinate to fumarate		1 FADH₂
Malate to oxalate		1 NADH

The anabolic and catabolic pathways are integrated between,
- In glycolysis, the anabolic and catabolic pathways integrated into dihydroxyacetone phosphate.
- In the TCA cycle, the anabolic and catabolic pathways integrated into acetyl, oxaloacetic acid and ketoglutaric acid.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Students have asked these similar questions

Which of the structural components listed in the Essential terms of section 1.3 (Cell components) could occur in a plant cell? Paragraph く BIUA 川くく 80 + кл K

Which of the following statements refer(s) directly to the cell theory? (Note that one or more correct answers are possible.) Select 2 correct answer(s) a) There are major differences between plant and animal cells. b) There are major differences between prokaryote and eukaryote cells. c) All cells have a cell wall. d) All cells have a cell membrane. e) Animals are composed of cells. f) When a bacterial cell divides, it produces two daughter cells.

Preoperative Diagnosis: Torn medial meniscus, left knee Postoperative Diagnosis: Combination horizontal cleavage tear/flap tear, posterior horn, medial meniscus, left knee. Operation: Arthroscopic subtotal medial meniscectomy, left knee Anesthetic: General endotracheal Description of Procedure: The patient was placed on the operating table in the supine position and general endotracheal anesthesia was administered. After an adequate level of anesthesia was achieved, the patient's left lower extremity was prepped with Betadine scrubbing solution, then draped in a sterile manner. Several sites were then infiltrated with 1% Xylocaine solution with Epinephrine to help control bleeding from stab wounds to be made at these sites. These stab wounds were made anterolaterally at the level of the superior pole of the patella for insertion of an irrigation catheter into the suprapatellar pouch area, anterolaterally at the level of the joint line for insertion of the scope and anteromedially at…

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 5, Problem 1R

Summary Introduction

To name:

The pathways diagrammed in parts (a), (b), and (c) of the given figure.

Introduction:

Cellular mechanisms involved in many reactions in which the transfer of electrons from one molecule to another take place by means of oxidation-reduction reactions. The oxidation and reduction reactions are always coupled, the form of undergoes oxidation and another form undergoes reduction simultaneously.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The given diagram is the Calvin-Benson cycle. In this cycle, three molecules of carbon dioxide are fixed and one molecule of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is produced. After that, it leaves the cycle is shown in the below diagram.

Microbiology: An Introduction (13th Edition), Chapter 5, Problem 1R , additional homework tip 1

The given b diagram resembles the Glycolysis pathway. In this pathway, the oxidation of glucose yields two molecules of pyruvic acid as its end product.

Microbiology: An Introduction (13th Edition), Chapter 5, Problem 1R , additional homework tip 2

The below-given diagram is the Kreb’s cycle. Here, the decarboxylation of pyruvic acid produces one carbon dioxide molecule and one acetyl group.

Microbiology: An Introduction (13th Edition), Chapter 5, Problem 1R , additional homework tip 3

Summary Introduction

To review:

The anabolic and catabolic mechanisms in the given pathways.

Introduction:

The cellular mechanism of all living organisms requires the energy for its metabolism. However, the conversion of energy from the organic compounds undergoes the catabolic and anabolic process in different pathways, such as glycolysis, TCA and Calvin-Benson cycle to produce the energy in the form of ATP.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Glycolysis and the Citric acid cycle are the major pathways for anabolic and catabolic mechanisms of all organic molecules, such as carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. Glycerol is catabolized as Dihydroxyacetone phosphate in the Glycolysis pathway (a) and fatty acids are catabolized as acetyl CoA int he TCA cycle (b).
Glutamic acid is catabolized in the Krebs cycle (c). Glutamic acid is an amino acid which is catabolized by Kreb’s cycle at α-ketoglutaric acid which is formed from isocitric acid.
In the Calvin-Benson cycle, Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is the end product, which enters into glycolysis. In glycolysis, the glucose is oxidized into pyruvate which is decarboxylated to acetyl group and entered into the Kreb’s cycle.
The Calvin cycle requires 18 molecules of ATP between glucose and glyceraldehyde 3- phosphate.
Three molecules of carbon dioxide (CO₂) is released in the Kreb’s cycle,
- Between pyruvate to acetyl CoA.
- Between isocitric acid to α-ketoglutarate (TCA cycle).
- Between α-ketoglutarate to succinyl CoA.
The long chain hydrocarbon like such as acetyl group is catabolized in the TCA cycle at acetyl CoA. This acetyl group like hydrocarbons are catabolized by beta-oxidation which enters into the Kreb’s cycle.
The production of NADH, FADH2 or NADH in glycolysis, Calvin-Benson and TCA cycles are,

	Utilizes	Produces
Glycolysis		2 NADH
Calvin-Benson cycle	6 NADPH
Pyruvate to acetyl CoA		1 NADH
Isocitrate to α-ketoglutaric acid		1 NADH
α-keto-glutaric to succinyl CoA		1 NADH
Succinate to fumarate		1 FADH₂
Malate to oxalate		1 NADH

The anabolic and catabolic pathways are integrated between,
- In glycolysis, the anabolic and catabolic pathways integrated into dihydroxyacetone phosphate.
- In the TCA cycle, the anabolic and catabolic pathways integrated into acetyl, oxaloacetic acid and ketoglutaric acid.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 3

Question

Chapter 5, Problem 1R

Summary Introduction

To name:

The pathways diagrammed in parts (a), (b), and (c) of the given figure.

Introduction:

Cellular mechanisms involved in many reactions in which the transfer of electrons from one molecule to another take place by means of oxidation-reduction reactions. The oxidation and reduction reactions are always coupled, the form of undergoes oxidation and another form undergoes reduction simultaneously.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The given diagram is the Calvin-Benson cycle. In this cycle, three molecules of carbon dioxide are fixed and one molecule of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is produced. After that, it leaves the cycle is shown in the below diagram.

Microbiology: An Introduction (13th Edition), Chapter 5, Problem 1R , additional homework tip 1

The given b diagram resembles the Glycolysis pathway. In this pathway, the oxidation of glucose yields two molecules of pyruvic acid as its end product.

Microbiology: An Introduction (13th Edition), Chapter 5, Problem 1R , additional homework tip 2

The below-given diagram is the Kreb’s cycle. Here, the decarboxylation of pyruvic acid produces one carbon dioxide molecule and one acetyl group.

Microbiology: An Introduction (13th Edition), Chapter 5, Problem 1R , additional homework tip 3

Summary Introduction

To review:

The anabolic and catabolic mechanisms in the given pathways.

Introduction:

The cellular mechanism of all living organisms requires the energy for its metabolism. However, the conversion of energy from the organic compounds undergoes the catabolic and anabolic process in different pathways, such as glycolysis, TCA and Calvin-Benson cycle to produce the energy in the form of ATP.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Glycolysis and the Citric acid cycle are the major pathways for anabolic and catabolic mechanisms of all organic molecules, such as carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. Glycerol is catabolized as Dihydroxyacetone phosphate in the Glycolysis pathway (a) and fatty acids are catabolized as acetyl CoA int he TCA cycle (b).
Glutamic acid is catabolized in the Krebs cycle (c). Glutamic acid is an amino acid which is catabolized by Kreb’s cycle at α-ketoglutaric acid which is formed from isocitric acid.
In the Calvin-Benson cycle, Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is the end product, which enters into glycolysis. In glycolysis, the glucose is oxidized into pyruvate which is decarboxylated to acetyl group and entered into the Kreb’s cycle.
The Calvin cycle requires 18 molecules of ATP between glucose and glyceraldehyde 3- phosphate.
Three molecules of carbon dioxide (CO₂) is released in the Kreb’s cycle,
- Between pyruvate to acetyl CoA.
- Between isocitric acid to α-ketoglutarate (TCA cycle).
- Between α-ketoglutarate to succinyl CoA.
The long chain hydrocarbon like such as acetyl group is catabolized in the TCA cycle at acetyl CoA. This acetyl group like hydrocarbons are catabolized by beta-oxidation which enters into the Kreb’s cycle.
The production of NADH, FADH2 or NADH in glycolysis, Calvin-Benson and TCA cycles are,

	Utilizes	Produces
Glycolysis		2 NADH
Calvin-Benson cycle	6 NADPH
Pyruvate to acetyl CoA		1 NADH
Isocitrate to α-ketoglutaric acid		1 NADH
α-keto-glutaric to succinyl CoA		1 NADH
Succinate to fumarate		1 FADH₂
Malate to oxalate		1 NADH

The anabolic and catabolic pathways are integrated between,
- In glycolysis, the anabolic and catabolic pathways integrated into dihydroxyacetone phosphate.
- In the TCA cycle, the anabolic and catabolic pathways integrated into acetyl, oxaloacetic acid and ketoglutaric acid.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 4

Question

Chapter 5, Problem 1R

Summary Introduction

To name:

The pathways diagrammed in parts (a), (b), and (c) of the given figure.

Introduction:

Cellular mechanisms involved in many reactions in which the transfer of electrons from one molecule to another take place by means of oxidation-reduction reactions. The oxidation and reduction reactions are always coupled, the form of undergoes oxidation and another form undergoes reduction simultaneously.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The given diagram is the Calvin-Benson cycle. In this cycle, three molecules of carbon dioxide are fixed and one molecule of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is produced. After that, it leaves the cycle is shown in the below diagram.

Microbiology: An Introduction (13th Edition), Chapter 5, Problem 1R , additional homework tip 1

The given b diagram resembles the Glycolysis pathway. In this pathway, the oxidation of glucose yields two molecules of pyruvic acid as its end product.

Microbiology: An Introduction (13th Edition), Chapter 5, Problem 1R , additional homework tip 2

The below-given diagram is the Kreb’s cycle. Here, the decarboxylation of pyruvic acid produces one carbon dioxide molecule and one acetyl group.

Microbiology: An Introduction (13th Edition), Chapter 5, Problem 1R , additional homework tip 3

Summary Introduction

To review:

The anabolic and catabolic mechanisms in the given pathways.

Introduction:

The cellular mechanism of all living organisms requires the energy for its metabolism. However, the conversion of energy from the organic compounds undergoes the catabolic and anabolic process in different pathways, such as glycolysis, TCA and Calvin-Benson cycle to produce the energy in the form of ATP.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Glycolysis and the Citric acid cycle are the major pathways for anabolic and catabolic mechanisms of all organic molecules, such as carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. Glycerol is catabolized as Dihydroxyacetone phosphate in the Glycolysis pathway (a) and fatty acids are catabolized as acetyl CoA int he TCA cycle (b).
Glutamic acid is catabolized in the Krebs cycle (c). Glutamic acid is an amino acid which is catabolized by Kreb’s cycle at α-ketoglutaric acid which is formed from isocitric acid.
In the Calvin-Benson cycle, Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is the end product, which enters into glycolysis. In glycolysis, the glucose is oxidized into pyruvate which is decarboxylated to acetyl group and entered into the Kreb’s cycle.
The Calvin cycle requires 18 molecules of ATP between glucose and glyceraldehyde 3- phosphate.
Three molecules of carbon dioxide (CO₂) is released in the Kreb’s cycle,
- Between pyruvate to acetyl CoA.
- Between isocitric acid to α-ketoglutarate (TCA cycle).
- Between α-ketoglutarate to succinyl CoA.
The long chain hydrocarbon like such as acetyl group is catabolized in the TCA cycle at acetyl CoA. This acetyl group like hydrocarbons are catabolized by beta-oxidation which enters into the Kreb’s cycle.
The production of NADH, FADH2 or NADH in glycolysis, Calvin-Benson and TCA cycles are,

	Utilizes	Produces
Glycolysis		2 NADH
Calvin-Benson cycle	6 NADPH
Pyruvate to acetyl CoA		1 NADH
Isocitrate to α-ketoglutaric acid		1 NADH
α-keto-glutaric to succinyl CoA		1 NADH
Succinate to fumarate		1 FADH₂
Malate to oxalate		1 NADH

The anabolic and catabolic pathways are integrated between,
- In glycolysis, the anabolic and catabolic pathways integrated into dihydroxyacetone phosphate.
- In the TCA cycle, the anabolic and catabolic pathways integrated into acetyl, oxaloacetic acid and ketoglutaric acid.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 5

Chapter 5, Problem 1R

Summary Introduction

To name:

The pathways diagrammed in parts (a), (b), and (c) of the given figure.

Introduction:

Cellular mechanisms involved in many reactions in which the transfer of electrons from one molecule to another take place by means of oxidation-reduction reactions. The oxidation and reduction reactions are always coupled, the form of undergoes oxidation and another form undergoes reduction simultaneously.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The given diagram is the Calvin-Benson cycle. In this cycle, three molecules of carbon dioxide are fixed and one molecule of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is produced. After that, it leaves the cycle is shown in the below diagram.

Microbiology: An Introduction (13th Edition), Chapter 5, Problem 1R , additional homework tip 1

The given b diagram resembles the Glycolysis pathway. In this pathway, the oxidation of glucose yields two molecules of pyruvic acid as its end product.

Microbiology: An Introduction (13th Edition), Chapter 5, Problem 1R , additional homework tip 2

The below-given diagram is the Kreb’s cycle. Here, the decarboxylation of pyruvic acid produces one carbon dioxide molecule and one acetyl group.

Microbiology: An Introduction (13th Edition), Chapter 5, Problem 1R , additional homework tip 3

Summary Introduction

To review:

The anabolic and catabolic mechanisms in the given pathways.

Introduction:

The cellular mechanism of all living organisms requires the energy for its metabolism. However, the conversion of energy from the organic compounds undergoes the catabolic and anabolic process in different pathways, such as glycolysis, TCA and Calvin-Benson cycle to produce the energy in the form of ATP.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Glycolysis and the Citric acid cycle are the major pathways for anabolic and catabolic mechanisms of all organic molecules, such as carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. Glycerol is catabolized as Dihydroxyacetone phosphate in the Glycolysis pathway (a) and fatty acids are catabolized as acetyl CoA int he TCA cycle (b).
Glutamic acid is catabolized in the Krebs cycle (c). Glutamic acid is an amino acid which is catabolized by Kreb’s cycle at α-ketoglutaric acid which is formed from isocitric acid.
In the Calvin-Benson cycle, Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is the end product, which enters into glycolysis. In glycolysis, the glucose is oxidized into pyruvate which is decarboxylated to acetyl group and entered into the Kreb’s cycle.
The Calvin cycle requires 18 molecules of ATP between glucose and glyceraldehyde 3- phosphate.
Three molecules of carbon dioxide (CO₂) is released in the Kreb’s cycle,
- Between pyruvate to acetyl CoA.
- Between isocitric acid to α-ketoglutarate (TCA cycle).
- Between α-ketoglutarate to succinyl CoA.
The long chain hydrocarbon like such as acetyl group is catabolized in the TCA cycle at acetyl CoA. This acetyl group like hydrocarbons are catabolized by beta-oxidation which enters into the Kreb’s cycle.
The production of NADH, FADH2 or NADH in glycolysis, Calvin-Benson and TCA cycles are,

	Utilizes	Produces
Glycolysis		2 NADH
Calvin-Benson cycle	6 NADPH
Pyruvate to acetyl CoA		1 NADH
Isocitrate to α-ketoglutaric acid		1 NADH
α-keto-glutaric to succinyl CoA		1 NADH
Succinate to fumarate		1 FADH₂
Malate to oxalate		1 NADH

The anabolic and catabolic pathways are integrated between,
- In glycolysis, the anabolic and catabolic pathways integrated into dihydroxyacetone phosphate.
- In the TCA cycle, the anabolic and catabolic pathways integrated into acetyl, oxaloacetic acid and ketoglutaric acid.

Answer 6

Chapter 5, Problem 1R

Summary Introduction

To name:

The pathways diagrammed in parts (a), (b), and (c) of the given figure.

Introduction:

Cellular mechanisms involved in many reactions in which the transfer of electrons from one molecule to another take place by means of oxidation-reduction reactions. The oxidation and reduction reactions are always coupled, the form of undergoes oxidation and another form undergoes reduction simultaneously.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The given diagram is the Calvin-Benson cycle. In this cycle, three molecules of carbon dioxide are fixed and one molecule of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is produced. After that, it leaves the cycle is shown in the below diagram.

Microbiology: An Introduction (13th Edition), Chapter 5, Problem 1R , additional homework tip 1

The given b diagram resembles the Glycolysis pathway. In this pathway, the oxidation of glucose yields two molecules of pyruvic acid as its end product.

Microbiology: An Introduction (13th Edition), Chapter 5, Problem 1R , additional homework tip 2

The below-given diagram is the Kreb’s cycle. Here, the decarboxylation of pyruvic acid produces one carbon dioxide molecule and one acetyl group.

Microbiology: An Introduction (13th Edition), Chapter 5, Problem 1R , additional homework tip 3

Answer 7

Chapter 5, Problem 1R

Summary Introduction

To name:

The pathways diagrammed in parts (a), (b), and (c) of the given figure.

Introduction:

Cellular mechanisms involved in many reactions in which the transfer of electrons from one molecule to another take place by means of oxidation-reduction reactions. The oxidation and reduction reactions are always coupled, the form of undergoes oxidation and another form undergoes reduction simultaneously.

Answer 8

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

The given diagram is the Calvin-Benson cycle. In this cycle, three molecules of carbon dioxide are fixed and one molecule of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is produced. After that, it leaves the cycle is shown in the below diagram.

Microbiology: An Introduction (13th Edition), Chapter 5, Problem 1R , additional homework tip 1

The given b diagram resembles the Glycolysis pathway. In this pathway, the oxidation of glucose yields two molecules of pyruvic acid as its end product.

Microbiology: An Introduction (13th Edition), Chapter 5, Problem 1R , additional homework tip 2

The below-given diagram is the Kreb’s cycle. Here, the decarboxylation of pyruvic acid produces one carbon dioxide molecule and one acetyl group.

Microbiology: An Introduction (13th Edition), Chapter 5, Problem 1R , additional homework tip 3

Answer 9

Expert Solution

Answer 10

Expert Solution

Answer 11

Expert Solution

Answer 12

Summary Introduction

To review:

The anabolic and catabolic mechanisms in the given pathways.

Introduction:

The cellular mechanism of all living organisms requires the energy for its metabolism. However, the conversion of energy from the organic compounds undergoes the catabolic and anabolic process in different pathways, such as glycolysis, TCA and Calvin-Benson cycle to produce the energy in the form of ATP.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Glycolysis and the Citric acid cycle are the major pathways for anabolic and catabolic mechanisms of all organic molecules, such as carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. Glycerol is catabolized as Dihydroxyacetone phosphate in the Glycolysis pathway (a) and fatty acids are catabolized as acetyl CoA int he TCA cycle (b).
Glutamic acid is catabolized in the Krebs cycle (c). Glutamic acid is an amino acid which is catabolized by Kreb’s cycle at α-ketoglutaric acid which is formed from isocitric acid.
In the Calvin-Benson cycle, Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is the end product, which enters into glycolysis. In glycolysis, the glucose is oxidized into pyruvate which is decarboxylated to acetyl group and entered into the Kreb’s cycle.
The Calvin cycle requires 18 molecules of ATP between glucose and glyceraldehyde 3- phosphate.
Three molecules of carbon dioxide (CO₂) is released in the Kreb’s cycle,
- Between pyruvate to acetyl CoA.
- Between isocitric acid to α-ketoglutarate (TCA cycle).
- Between α-ketoglutarate to succinyl CoA.
The long chain hydrocarbon like such as acetyl group is catabolized in the TCA cycle at acetyl CoA. This acetyl group like hydrocarbons are catabolized by beta-oxidation which enters into the Kreb’s cycle.
The production of NADH, FADH2 or NADH in glycolysis, Calvin-Benson and TCA cycles are,

	Utilizes	Produces
Glycolysis		2 NADH
Calvin-Benson cycle	6 NADPH
Pyruvate to acetyl CoA		1 NADH
Isocitrate to α-ketoglutaric acid		1 NADH
α-keto-glutaric to succinyl CoA		1 NADH
Succinate to fumarate		1 FADH₂
Malate to oxalate		1 NADH

The anabolic and catabolic pathways are integrated between,
- In glycolysis, the anabolic and catabolic pathways integrated into dihydroxyacetone phosphate.
- In the TCA cycle, the anabolic and catabolic pathways integrated into acetyl, oxaloacetic acid and ketoglutaric acid.

Answer 13

Summary Introduction

To review:

The anabolic and catabolic mechanisms in the given pathways.

Introduction:

The cellular mechanism of all living organisms requires the energy for its metabolism. However, the conversion of energy from the organic compounds undergoes the catabolic and anabolic process in different pathways, such as glycolysis, TCA and Calvin-Benson cycle to produce the energy in the form of ATP.

Answer 14

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Glycolysis and the Citric acid cycle are the major pathways for anabolic and catabolic mechanisms of all organic molecules, such as carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. Glycerol is catabolized as Dihydroxyacetone phosphate in the Glycolysis pathway (a) and fatty acids are catabolized as acetyl CoA int he TCA cycle (b).
Glutamic acid is catabolized in the Krebs cycle (c). Glutamic acid is an amino acid which is catabolized by Kreb’s cycle at α-ketoglutaric acid which is formed from isocitric acid.
In the Calvin-Benson cycle, Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is the end product, which enters into glycolysis. In glycolysis, the glucose is oxidized into pyruvate which is decarboxylated to acetyl group and entered into the Kreb’s cycle.
The Calvin cycle requires 18 molecules of ATP between glucose and glyceraldehyde 3- phosphate.
Three molecules of carbon dioxide (CO₂) is released in the Kreb’s cycle,
- Between pyruvate to acetyl CoA.
- Between isocitric acid to α-ketoglutarate (TCA cycle).
- Between α-ketoglutarate to succinyl CoA.
The long chain hydrocarbon like such as acetyl group is catabolized in the TCA cycle at acetyl CoA. This acetyl group like hydrocarbons are catabolized by beta-oxidation which enters into the Kreb’s cycle.
The production of NADH, FADH2 or NADH in glycolysis, Calvin-Benson and TCA cycles are,

	Utilizes	Produces
Glycolysis		2 NADH
Calvin-Benson cycle	6 NADPH
Pyruvate to acetyl CoA		1 NADH
Isocitrate to α-ketoglutaric acid		1 NADH
α-keto-glutaric to succinyl CoA		1 NADH
Succinate to fumarate		1 FADH₂
Malate to oxalate		1 NADH

The anabolic and catabolic pathways are integrated between,
- In glycolysis, the anabolic and catabolic pathways integrated into dihydroxyacetone phosphate.
- In the TCA cycle, the anabolic and catabolic pathways integrated into acetyl, oxaloacetic acid and ketoglutaric acid.

Answer 15

Expert Solution

Answer 16

Expert Solution

Answer 17

Expert Solution

Answer 18

Ch. 5 - Prob. 1R Ch. 5 - DRAW ITUsing the diagrams below, show each of the...Ch. 5 - DRAW IT An enzyme and substrate are combined. The...Ch. 5 - Define oxidation-reduction, and differentiate the...Ch. 5 - There are three mechanisms for the phosphorylation...Ch. 5 - All of the energy-producing biochemical reactions...Ch. 5 - Fill in the following table with the carbon source...Ch. 5 - Write your own definition of the chemiosmotic...Ch. 5 - Why must NADH be reoxidized? How does this happen...Ch. 5 - NAME IT What nutritional type is a colorless...

Concept explainers

Explanation of Solution

Explanation of Solution

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Chapter 5 Solutions