Chapter 5, Problem 30QAP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : To write the formula of the chloride ion.

Concept Introduction : The polyatomic ions are charged species; they can be positive or negative depending on the nature of molecule. They are also called molecular ions. In polyatomic ions, as the name suggest, two or more atoms are bonded together with covalent bond and considered as a single unit.

The naming of polyatomic ions follow two rules as follows:

A prefix bi can be used at the place of hydrogen when it is added to the formula of an ion. The charge of the ion increases by +1. For example, ${\text{CO}}_3^{2-}$ is carbonate ion and ${\text{HCO}}_3^{-}$ is bicarbonate ion.

Second rule check for the number of oxygen atoms in the ion. The base name is -ate ion, if prefix per- is added that means oxygen is added in the formula of ion. The change from -ate to -ite means reduction of oxygen in the formula. If two oxygen atoms are reduced, the prefix hypo is also added to the name. The rules work for phosphate, nitrate, sulfate and chlorate ions.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : To write the formula of the hypochlorite ion.

Concept Introduction : The polyatomic ions are charged species.They can be positive or negative depending on the nature of molecule. They are also called molecular ions. In polyatomic ions, as the name suggest, two or more atoms are bonded together with covalent bond and considered as a single unit.

The naming of polyatomic ions follow two rules as follows:

A prefix bi can be used at the place of hydrogen when it is added to the formula of an ion. The charge of the ion increases by +1. For example, ${\text{CO}}_3^{2-}$ is carbonate ion and ${\text{HCO}}_3^{-}$ is bicarbonate ion.

Second rule check for the number of oxygen atoms in the ion. The base name is -ate ion, if prefix per- is added that means oxygen is added in the formula of ion. The change from -ate to -ite means reduction of oxygen in the formula. If two oxygen atoms are reduced, the prefix hypo is also added to the name. The rules work for phosphate, nitrate, sulfate and chlorate ions.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : To write the formula of the chlorate ion.

Concept Introduction : The polyatomic ions are charged species, they can be positive or negative depending on the nature of molecule. They are also called molecular ions. In polyatomic ions, as the name suggest, two or more atoms are bonded together with covalent bond and considered as a single unit.

The naming of polyatomic ions follow two rules as follows:

A prefix bi can be used at the place of hydrogen when it is added to the formula of an ion. The charge of the ion increases by +1. For example, ${\text{CO}}_3^{2-}$ is carbonate ion and ${\text{HCO}}_3^{-}$ is bicarbonate ion.

Second rule check for the number of oxygen atoms in the ion. The base name is -ate ion, if prefix per- is added that means oxygen is added in the formula of ion. The change from -ate to -ite means reduction of oxygen in the formula. If two oxygen atoms are reduced, the prefix hypo is also added to the name. The rules work for phosphate, nitrate, sulfate and chlorate ions.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : To write the formula of the perchlorate ion.

Concept Introduction : The polyatomic ions are charged species, they can be positive or negative depending on the nature of molecule. They are also called molecular ions. In polyatomic ions, as the name suggest, two or more atoms are bonded together with covalent bond and considered as a single unit.

The naming of polyatomic ions follow two rules as follows:

A prefix bi can be used at the place of hydrogen when it is added to the formula of an ion. The charge of the ion increases by +1. For example, ${\text{CO}}_3^{2-}$ is carbonate ion and ${\text{HCO}}_3^{-}$ is bicarbonate ion.

Second rule check for the number of oxygen atoms in the ion. The base name is -ate ion, if prefix per- is added that means oxygen is added in the formula of ion. The change from -ate to -ite means reduction of oxygen in the formula. If two oxygen atoms are reduced, the prefix hypo is also added to the name. The rules work for phosphate, nitrate, sulfate, and chlorate ions.