(a)
Interpretation : To write the formula of the chloride ion.
Concept Introduction : The polyatomic ions are charged species; they can be positive or negative depending on the nature of molecule. They are also called molecular ions. In polyatomic ions, as the name suggest, two or more atoms are bonded together with covalent bond and considered as a single unit.
The naming of polyatomic ions follow two rules as follows:
A prefix bi can be used at the place of hydrogen when it is added to the formula of an ion. The charge of the ion increases by +1. For example,
Second rule check for the number of oxygen atoms in the ion. The base name is -ate ion, if prefix per- is added that means oxygen is added in the formula of ion. The change from -ate to -ite means reduction of oxygen in the formula. If two oxygen atoms are reduced, the prefix hypo is also added to the name. The rules work for phosphate, nitrate, sulfate and chlorate ions.
(b)
Interpretation : To write the formula of the hypochlorite ion.
Concept Introduction : The polyatomic ions are charged species.They can be positive or negative depending on the nature of molecule. They are also called molecular ions. In polyatomic ions, as the name suggest, two or more atoms are bonded together with covalent bond and considered as a single unit.
The naming of polyatomic ions follow two rules as follows:
A prefix bi can be used at the place of hydrogen when it is added to the formula of an ion. The charge of the ion increases by +1. For example,
Second rule check for the number of oxygen atoms in the ion. The base name is -ate ion, if prefix per- is added that means oxygen is added in the formula of ion. The change from -ate to -ite means reduction of oxygen in the formula. If two oxygen atoms are reduced, the prefix hypo is also added to the name. The rules work for phosphate, nitrate, sulfate and chlorate ions.
(c)
Interpretation : To write the formula of the chlorate ion.
Concept Introduction : The polyatomic ions are charged species, they can be positive or negative depending on the nature of molecule. They are also called molecular ions. In polyatomic ions, as the name suggest, two or more atoms are bonded together with covalent bond and considered as a single unit.
The naming of polyatomic ions follow two rules as follows:
A prefix bi can be used at the place of hydrogen when it is added to the formula of an ion. The charge of the ion increases by +1. For example,
Second rule check for the number of oxygen atoms in the ion. The base name is -ate ion, if prefix per- is added that means oxygen is added in the formula of ion. The change from -ate to -ite means reduction of oxygen in the formula. If two oxygen atoms are reduced, the prefix hypo is also added to the name. The rules work for phosphate, nitrate, sulfate and chlorate ions.
(d)
Interpretation : To write the formula of the perchlorate ion.
Concept Introduction : The polyatomic ions are charged species, they can be positive or negative depending on the nature of molecule. They are also called molecular ions. In polyatomic ions, as the name suggest, two or more atoms are bonded together with covalent bond and considered as a single unit.
The naming of polyatomic ions follow two rules as follows:
A prefix bi can be used at the place of hydrogen when it is added to the formula of an ion. The charge of the ion increases by +1. For example,
Second rule check for the number of oxygen atoms in the ion. The base name is -ate ion, if prefix per- is added that means oxygen is added in the formula of ion. The change from -ate to -ite means reduction of oxygen in the formula. If two oxygen atoms are reduced, the prefix hypo is also added to the name. The rules work for phosphate, nitrate, sulfate, and chlorate ions.
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Chapter 5 Solutions
EBK INTRODUCTORY CHEMISTRY
- Determine the structures of the missing organic molecules in the following reaction: X+H₂O H* H+ Y OH OH Note: Molecules that share the same letter have the exact same structure. In the drawing area below, draw the skeletal ("line") structures of the missing organic molecules X and Y. You may draw the structures in any arrangement that you like, so long as they aren't touching. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. X Sarrow_forwardPredict the major products of this organic reaction. If there aren't any products, because nothing will happen, check the box under the drawing area instead. No reaction. HO. O :☐ + G Na O.H Click and drag to start drawing a structure. XS xs H₂Oarrow_forwardWhat are the angles a and b in the actual molecule of which this is a Lewis structure? H H C H- a -H b H Note for advanced students: give the ideal angles, and don't worry about small differences from the ideal groups may have slightly different sizes. a = b = 0 °arrow_forward
- What are the angles a and b in the actual molecule of which this is a Lewis structure? :0: HCOH a Note for advanced students: give the ideal angles, and don't worry about small differences from the ideal that might be caused by the fact that different electron groups may have slightly different sizes. a = 0 b=0° Sarrow_forwardDetermine the structures of the missing organic molecules in the following reaction: + H₂O +H OH O OH +H OH X Note: Molecules that share the same letter have the exact same structure. In the drawing area below, draw the skeletal ("line") structure of the missing organic molecule X. Click and drag to start drawing a structure.arrow_forwardIdentify the missing organic reactant in the following reaction: x + x O OH H* + ☑- X H+ O O Х Note: This chemical equation only focuses on the important organic molecules in the reaction. Additional inorganic or small-molecule reactants or products (like H₂O) are not shown. In the drawing area below, draw the skeletal ("line") structure of the missing organic reactant X. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. Carrow_forward
- CH3O OH OH O hemiacetal O acetal O neither O 0 O hemiacetal acetal neither OH hemiacetal O acetal O neither CH2 O-CH2-CH3 CH3-C-OH O hemiacetal O acetal CH3-CH2-CH2-0-c-O-CH2-CH2-CH3 O neither HO-CH2 ? 000 Ar Barrow_forwardWhat would be the best choices for the missing reagents 1 and 3 in this synthesis? 1. PPh3 2 2. n-BuLi 3 Draw the missing reagents in the drawing area below. You can draw them in any arrangement you like. • Do not draw the missing reagent 2. If you draw 1 correctly, we'll know what it is. • Note: if one of your reagents needs to contain a halogen, use bromine. Explanation Check Click and drag to start drawing a structure.arrow_forwardPredict the products of this organic reaction: NaBH3CN + NH2 ? H+ Click and drag to start drawing a structure. ×arrow_forward
- Predict the organic products that form in the reaction below: + OH +H H+ ➤ ☑ X - Y Note: You may assume you have an excess of either reactant if the reaction requires more than one of those molecules to form the products. In the drawing area below, draw the skeletal ("line") structures of the missing organic products X and Y. You may draw the structures in any arrangement that you like, so long as they aren't touching. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. Garrow_forwardPredict the organic products that form in the reaction below: OH H+ H+ + ☑ Y Note: You may assume you have an excess of either reactant if the reaction requires more than one of those molecules to form the products. In the drawing area below, draw the skeletal ("line") structures of the missing organic products X and Y. You may draw the structures in any arrangement that you like, so long as they aren't touching. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. ✓ marrow_forwardDetermine the structures of the missing organic molecules in the following reaction: + H₂O +H H+ Y Z ☑ ☑ Note: Molecules that share the same letter have the exact same structure. In the drawing area below, draw the skeletal ("line") structures of the missing organic molecules X, Y, and Z. You may draw the structures in any arrangement that you like, so long as they aren't touching. Molecule X shows up in multiple steps, but you only have to draw its structure once. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. AP +arrow_forward
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