Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 5, Problem 2CBQ
With regard to bringing solutes into the cell across the plasma membrane, discuss the advantages and disadvantages of simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport, and endocytosis.
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For each of the following scenarios described where a molecule or ion is moving from one side of a membrane to the other, select the method by which the molecule or ion is moving. Each answer can be used more than once, or not at all.
- Simple Diffusion
- Facilitated diffusion by a channel protein
- Facilitated diffusion by a carrier/transport protein
- Active transport by a pump
- Could be facilitated diffusion by a channel or a carrier; not enough information is given
A- While water can freely diffuse across the membrane, it does not do so fast enough for living organisms to function properly. Therefore, membrane proteins known as aquaporins can increase the rate at which water moves across the membrane. The movement of water across the membrane via aquaporins (which do not change shape) is an example of which type of transport?
B-Many snake venoms induce paralysis by acting on acetylcholine receptors. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are transmembrane proteins that allow Na+, K+…
Compare and contrast the following methods of a passing cell membrane in terms of movement with respect to the concentration gradient, use of ATP, and the use of transporters with examples.
(Simple) Diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion/Passive Transport
Osmosis
Active Transport
Exocytosis
Endocytosis (with its 3 subforms)
Compare and contrast the following methods of a passing cell membrane in terms of movement with respect to the concentration gradient, use of ATP, and the use of transporters with examples.
(Simple) diffusion vs Facilitated diffusion
Chapter 5 Solutions
Principles of Biology
Ch. 5.1 - Which of the following is not a characteristic of...Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 5.2 - In an animal cell, how can changes in lipid...Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 5.2 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 5.2 - Which of the following changes would make a...Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 1BCCh. 5.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 5.3 - Prob. 2BCCh. 5.3 - Prob. 2CC
Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 5.3 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 5.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 5.4 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 5.4 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 5.5 - Prob. 1BCCh. 5.5 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 5.6 - Prob. 1CCCh. 5.6 - A form of endocytosis that involves the formation...Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 1CCCh. 5.7 - Prob. 2CCCh. 5.7 - Prob. 1BCCh. 5.7 - Anchoring junctions that adhere adjacent animal...Ch. 5 - Which of the following statements best describes...Ch. 5 - Which of the following events in a biological...Ch. 5 - Prob. 3TYCh. 5 - Carbohydrates of the plasma membrane are bonded to...Ch. 5 - Which of the following movements would not be an...Ch. 5 - Prob. 6TYCh. 5 - Prob. 7TYCh. 5 - What features of a membrane are a major...Ch. 5 - Prob. 9TYCh. 5 - Large particles can be brought into the cell by...Ch. 5 - With your textbook closed, draw and describe the...Ch. 5 - Describe two different ways that integral membrane...Ch. 5 - A principle of biology is that living organisms...Ch. 5 - Prob. 1CBQCh. 5 - With regard to bringing solutes into the cell...
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- Discuss the difference in the solute concentration gradient and rate of diffusion between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion.arrow_forwardDefine: simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, primary active transport, secondary active transport and cotransport (by sure to address symport and antiport) . please explain this iin one sentense for each one please. note: I do not want more than one sentensearrow_forwardCrossing a cell membrane by simple diffusion can be distinguished from facilitated diffusion by which of the following: Select all that apply. Simple diffusion moves molecules down a concentration gradient while facilitated diffusion moves molecules up a concentration gradient Simple diffusion does not require membrane proteins; facilitated diffusion requires specific membrane proteins Simple diffusion does not require energy; facilitated diffusion requires energy Simple diffusion is not saturable; facilitated diffusion rates are limited by the number of functional membrane proteins and can be saturatedarrow_forward
- The comparison of the simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion and active transport are shown in the table below: * Which comparisons are TRUE? Simple Diffusion Facilitated Diffusion Active Transport I Require ATP Does not require ATP Require ATP II Does not involve a Involve a transport Involve a transport transport protein protein protein From a region of higher III From a region of higher concentrațion of substance to a region of lower concentration of From a region of lower concentration of concentration of substance to a region of lower concentration of substance. substance to a region of higher concentration of substance. substance. O I and II only I and III only O Il and III only O I, Il and IIIarrow_forwardFacilitated diffusion and active transport are two different mechanisms that the cells use to transport molecules into and out of the cell. Compare and contrast these two types of cellular transport.arrow_forwardThe surface area to volume ratio affects the ability of the cell to exchange nutrients and waste products with the outside environment. Many factors affect the movement of molecules across the cell membrane, including membrane thickness, temperature, pressure, concentration gradient, molecular mass, distance travelled, solvent properties and surface area of the cell. In general, according to Einstein’s approximation equation (Equation 1), diffusion time is inversely proportional to the to the diffusion coefficient (D), where t is time and x is distance travelled. The diffusion coefficient is unique to each type of molecule and is determined experimentally. Waste products such as carbon dioxide (CO2) pose a unique problem to cells as their accumulation may be lethal. Exchange with the external environment is dependent upon the distance the waste must travel; for a round cell this will be up to half the cell diameter. Using the diffusion coefficient (D) for carbon dioxide (1.97 × 10-5…arrow_forward
- Identify whether each method of membrane transport is passive or active by dragging the label to the correct boxarrow_forwardHere's one experimental approach to finding out how rapidly a membrane transporter can move its solute into the cell: combine biochemical information about how much solute accumulates in the cell over time with structural information about how many transporters are on the surface of the cell. You are studying a spherical eukaryotic cell that has a diameter of 20 um and is engaged in glycolysis. Its energy source is glucose, which it is taking up from its environment via Na/glucose symporters distributed throughout the surface of its plasma membrane. By briefly adding an inhibitor of all glucose breakdown, you are able to determine that glucose accumulates in the cell at the rate of (5.000x10^1) µM/hr. Based on this number, how many umoles of glucose must be entering the cell per hour? (Assume that one-half of the volume of the cell is composed of organelles, and thus not available for diffusion of glucose). Put your final answer in umol/hr.arrow_forwardCan you help me to explain every question with these answer?arrow_forward
- The following table depicts the rate of transport of a molecule into a cell as the external concentrations are changed. Based on what you know about the characteristics of membrane transport, the molecule is most likely transported by: a) passive transport b) simple diffusion across the membrane c) facilitated diffusion d) active transportarrow_forwardDistinguish between simple diffusion (SD), facilitated diffusion (FD), and active transport (AT) across a membrane for the following questions. (a) Which processes are energy dependent? (b) Which processes need some kind of carrier protein(s)? (c) Which processes can be saturated by substrate? (d) Which processes can establish a concentration gradient? (e) How much energy does it take to transport an uncharged substrate in, if its starting inside concentration is 10-fold greater than outside?arrow_forwardDiscuss the methods that the cell is able to get the molecules needed for normal functions using the following terms.Active TransportPumpsATP Concentration Gradient (with and against)Simple DiffusionFacilitated DiffusionPassive TransportProteinsPhospholipidsarrow_forward
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