Elementary Statistics (13th Edition)
13th Edition
ISBN: 9780134462455
Author: Mario F. Triola
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 5, Problem 1FDD
Critical Thinking: Did Mendel’s results from plant hybridization experiments contradict his theory?
Gregor Mendel conducted original experiment to study the genetic train of pet plants. In 1865 he wrote “Experiments in Plant Hybridization” which was published in Proceedings of the Natural History Society. Mendel presented a theory that when there are two inheritable trails, one of them will be dominant and the other will be recessive, Each parent contributes one gene to an offspring and, depending on the combination of genes, that offspring could inherit the dominant trait or the recessive trait. Mendel conducted an experiment using pea plants. The pods of pea plants can be green or yellow. When one pea carrying a dominant green gene and a recessive yellow gene is crossed with another pea carrying the same green/yellow genes, the offspring can inherit any one of these four combinations of genes: (1) green / green; (2) green / yellow; (3) yellow / green; (4) yellow / yellow. Because green is dominant rod yellow is recessive, the offspring pod will be green if either of the two inherited genes is green. The offspring can have a yellow pod only if it inherits the yellow gene from each of the two parents. Given these conditions, we expect that 3/4 of the offspring peas should have green pods; that is. P(green pod) = 3/4.
When Mendel conducted his famous hybridization experiments using parent pea plants with the green/yellow combination of genes, he obtained 580 offspring. According to Mendel’s theory, 3/4 of the offspring should have green pods, but the actual number of plants with green pods was 428. So the proportion of offspring with green pods to the total number of offspring is 428/580 = 0.738. Mendel expected a proportion of 3/4 or 0.75, but his actual result is a proportion of 0.738.
a. Assuming that P(green pod) = 3/4, find the
b. Assuming that P(green pod) = 3/4, find the probability that among 580 offspring, the number of peas with green pods is 428 or fewer.
c. Which of the two preceding probabilities should be used for determining whether 428 is a significantly low number of peas with green pods?
d. Use probabilities to determine whether 428 peas with green pods is a significantly low number. (Hint: See “Identifying Significant Results with Probabilities” in Section 5-1.)
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Exercise 6-6 (Algo) (LO6-3)
The director of admissions at Kinzua University in Nova Scotia estimated the distribution of student admissions for the fall semester on the basis of past experience.
Admissions
Probability
1,100
0.5
1,400
0.4
1,300
0.1
Click here for the Excel Data File
Required:
What is the expected number of admissions for the fall semester?
Compute the variance and the standard deviation of the number of admissions.
Note: Round your standard deviation to 2 decimal places.
1. Find the mean of the x-values (x-bar)
and the mean of the y-values (y-bar) and write/label each here:
2. Label the second row in the table using proper notation; then, complete the table. In the fifth and sixth
columns, show the 'products' of what you're multiplying, as well as the answers.
X
y
x minus x-bar y minus y-bar (x minus x-bar)(y minus y-bar)
(x minus x-bar)^2
xy
16
20
34
4-2
5 2
3. Write the sums that represents Sxx and Sxy in the table, at the bottom of their respective columns.
4. Find the slope of the Regression line: bi
=
(simplify your answer)
5. Find the y-intercept of the Regression line, and then write the equation of the Regression line.
Show your work. Then, BOX your final answer. Express your line as "y-hat equals...
Chapter 5 Solutions
Elementary Statistics (13th Edition)
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