
To determine:
The definition of personality, how it is measured and the factors which determine it.
Introduction:
Personality: This refers to the way an individual behaves, interacts, thinks and responds to others to form an individual’s unique characteristics.

Explanation of Solution
Personality defines the way in which an individual responds to and reacts with others. Personality is a very important feature in an individual and every individual is unique in their own way which defines the type of personality they possess.
Personality of an individual is tested in two main ways; self-report surveys and observer-ratings survey.
Self-report surveys is a technique where an individual evaluates his/her own personality type by answering or selecting a series of factors such as; you are a person who finds it difficult to introduce yourself to other people, you normally don’t start conversations etc. This approach is quite helpful for the individual as they themselves assess the answers to the question but however, the answers may be inaccurate or not about the individual if he/she is in a bad mood.
Observer-ratings survey is a technique where an observer rates the individual and comments on his/her behavior and unique characteristics. It’s like a teacher observing their students and commenting on their personality traits, each student would have different personalities. This is likely to guarantee success than self-report surveys because this leads to an individual itself giving in answers to a set of factors.
The factors that determine personality are; heredity and environment. Heredity is the passing of mental or physical characteristics from one generation to another through the biological genes. Normally, an individual’s characteristics is based on their biological parents. Through genes an individual’s personality is possessed, the way the parents react, behave or thinks can be similar to the individual and this is a common factor. But however, it’s not only through the form of genes, the environment in which he/she lives or brought up can also determine the personality. Different cultures have different beliefs and thoughts on certain factors, the religion also does define the personality. As people grow up, their personalities can differ from time to time as they adjust into different environments and cultures with a range of variety of attitudes and characteristics of human beings. There’s a saying “All five fingers aren’t the same”, so therefore every human life living on earth does not possess the same characteristics as everyone else in the universe, each human being is unique in their own ways and the way they believe, behave, react and respond to each other is different.
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Chapter 5 Solutions
Organizational Behavior (18th Edition) (What's New in Management)
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