Chapter 5, Problem 19CR

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given table should be completed.

Concept Introduction:

• Symbol is one or two letter abbreviation for an element.
• Atomic number of an element is defined as number of protons in the nucleus of each atom of that element. Each element has unique atomic number,
• Mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom.

Answer to Problem 19CR

Symbol	Name	Atomic number	Group number
$Al$	Aluminum	13	13
$Rn$	Radon	86	2
$S$	Sulfur	16	16
$Sr$	Strontium	38	2
$Br$	Bromine	35	17
$C$	Carbon	6	14
$Ba$	Barium	56	2
$Ra$	Radium	88	2
$Na$	Sodium	11	1
$K$	Potassium	19	1
$Ge$	Germanium	32	14
$Cl$	Chlorine	17	17

Explanation of Solution

Given:

Symbol	Name	Atomic number	Group number
$Al$
	Radon
	Sulfur
		38
$Br$
	Carbon
$Ba$
		88
		11
$K$
	Germanium
		17

• Symbol: Al

The given symbol is Al which is the atomic symbol of Aluminum and its atomic number is 13. The group number is determined by the valence shell electronic configuration, the valence shell electronic configuration of Al is:

[Ne] 3s²3p¹

The valence shell electron is in p-orbital so, the group number = 10 + 3(valence shell electrons) = 13

• Name: radon

The given name is radon which has atomic symbol Ra and its atomic number is 88. The group number is determined by the valence shell electronic configuration, the valence shell electronic configuration of Ra is:

[Rn] 7s²

The valence shell electron is in s-orbital so, the group number = 2 (valence shell electrons)

• Name: sulfur

The given name is sulfur which has atomic symbol S and its atomic number is 16. The group number is determined by the valence shell electronic configuration, the valence shell electronic configuration of S is:

[Ne] 3s² 3p⁴

The valence shell electron is in p-orbital so, the group number = 10 + 6 (valence shell electrons) = 16

• Atomic number: 38

The given atomic number is 38 which is the atomic number of strontium, which is represented by symbol Sr. The group number is determined by the valence shell electronic configuration, the valence shell electronic configuration of Sr is:

[Kr]5s²

The valence shell electron is in s-orbital so, the group number = 2 (valence shell electrons)

• Symbol: Br

The given symbol is Br which is the atomic symbol of Bromine and its atomic number is 35. The group number is determined by the valence shell electronic configuration, the valence shell electronic configuration of Br is:

[Ar]3d¹⁰4s²4p⁵

The valence shell electron is in p-orbital so, the group number = 10 + 7 (valence shell electrons) = 17

• Name: carbon

The given name is carbon which has atomic symbol C and its atomic number is 6. The group number is determined by the valence shell electronic configuration, the valence shell electronic configuration of C is:

[He]2s²2p²

The valence shell electron is in p-orbital so, the group number = 10 + 4 (valence shell electrons) = 14

• Symbol: Ba

The given symbol is Ba which is the atomic symbol of Barium and its atomic number is 56. The group number is determined by the valence shell electronic configuration, the valence shell electronic configuration of Ba is:

[Xe]6s²

The valence shell electron is in s-orbital so, the group number = 2 (valence shell electrons)

• Atomic number: 88

The given atomic number is 88 which is the atomic number of radium, which is represented by symbol Ra. The group number is determined by the valence shell electronic configuration, the valence shell electronic configuration of Ra is:

[Rn]7s²

The valence shell electron is in s-orbital so, the group number = 2 (valence shell electrons)

• Atomic number: 11

The given atomic number is 11 which is the atomic number of sodium, which is represented by symbol Na. The group number is determined by the valence shell electronic configuration, the valence shell electronic configuration of Na is:

[Ne]3s¹

The valence shell electron is in s-orbital so, the group number = 1 (valence shell electrons)

• Symbol: K

The given symbol is K which is the atomic symbol of potassium and its atomic number is 19. The group number is determined by the valence shell electronic configuration, the valence shell electronic configuration of K is:

[Ar]4s¹

The valence shell electron is in s-orbital so, the group number = 1 (valence shell electrons)

• Name: germanium

The given name is germanium which has atomic symbol Ge and its atomic number is 32. The group number is determined by the valence shell electronic configuration, the valence shell electronic configuration of Ge is:

[Ar]3d¹⁰4s²4p²

The valence shell electron is in p-orbital so, the group number = 10 + 4 (valence shell electrons) = 14

• Atomic number: 17

The given atomic number is 17 which is the atomic number of chlorine, which is represented by symbol Cl. The group number is determined by the valence shell electronic configuration, the valence shell electronic configuration of Cl is:

[Ne]3s²3p⁵

The valence shell electron is in p-orbital so, the group number = 10 + 7 (valence shell electrons) = 17

Conclusion

Hence, the complete table is:

Symbol	Name	Atomic number	Group number
$Al$	Aluminum	13	13
$Rn$	Radon	86	2
$S$	Sulfur	16	16
$Sr$	Strontium	38	2
$Br$	Bromine	35	17
$C$	Carbon	6	14
$Ba$	Barium	56	2
$Ra$	Radium	88	2
$Na$	Sodium	11	1
$K$	Potassium	19	1
$Ge$	Germanium	32	14
$Cl$	Chlorine	17	17