Chapter 5, Problem 1.2A

Match the cellular components in column A with the descriptions in column B- Place the letter of your choice in the space provided.

Summary Introduction

To match:

The term from column A to the correct option in column B.

Introduction:

Cells are the basic structural and functional unit of life. Cells can be categorized into two types: Eukaryotic (presence of true nucleus) and Prokaryotic (lacks nucleus and organelles). Cells perform vital metabolic activities.

Answer to Problem 1.2A

Column A	Column B
a. Chromatin	1. Loosely coiled fibers containing protein and DNA within the nucleus.
b. Cytoplasm	8. Occupies space between the plasma membrane and nucleus
c. Endoplasmic reticulum	7. Composed of membrane-bound canals for tubular transport throughout the cytoplasm
d. Golgi apparatus (complex)	9. Flattened, membranous sacs that modify and package a secretion
e. Lysosome	10. The membranous sac that contains digestive enzymes
f. Microtubule	6. Part of cytoskeleton involved in cellular movement
g. Mitochondrion	2. Location of ATP production for cellular energy
h. Nuclear envelope	11. Separates nuclear contents from cytoplasm
i. Nucleolus	5. Dense body of RNA and protein within the nucleus
j. Nucleus	12. The spherical organelle that contains chromatin and nucleolus
k. Ribosome	3. Small RNA-containing particles for the synthesis of proteins
l. Vesicle	4. A membranous sac formed by the pinching off of pieces of plasma membrane

Explanation of Solution

1. Chromatin is the fine strands present in the nucleus that comprises of deoxyribonucleic (DNA) and regulatory proteins. During cell division, it condenses to form chromosomes. Hence, it should be correctly matched with option 1.
2. The cytoplasm is the viscous fluid present inside the cell membrane and outside the nucleus. The cytoplasm contains enzymes and water which helps in the metabolic activities of the cell. Thus, it should be correctly matched with option 8.
3. Endoplasmic reticulum has membrane-bound canals which help in the transportation of molecules like proteins all through the cytoplasm. Hence, it is correctly matched with option 7.
4. Golgi apparatus is a flattened membranous sac that is the site of secretion and transportation. It is also a packaging site for glycoproteins. Thus, the correct option is 9.
5. The lysosome is also known as ‘suicide bags’ of the cells. They contain the digestive enzymes which help in destroying worn-out organelles and cellular debris; the correct option is 10.
6. The cytoskeleton is composed of filaments, microtubules and microfilaments that help in the cellular movements. Thus, microtubules are correctly matched with option 6.
7. The mitochondrion is the site of many Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules production required for cellular respiration, hence known as ‘powerhouse of the cell.’ It is correctly matched with option 2.
8. The nuclear envelope surrounds the nucleus having pores. The transfer of genetic information takes place from these passages. It also separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm. Thus, correctly matched with option 11.
9. The nucleolus is the dense material present in the nucleus. It is composed of protein and RNA and helps in the formation of ribosomes. Thus, it is correctly matched with option 5.
10. The nucleus contains all the genetic information, nucleolus and chromatin. It plays a major role in the process of cell division and is known as the ‘control center’ of the cell. Thus, correctly matched with option 12.
11. Ribosomes are the small particles found in the cytoplasm. They synthesize proteins and polypeptides by binding on tRNA (transfer ribonucleic acid) and mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid). Thus, correctly matched with option 3.
12. Vesicles are membranous sacs formed during the transport and secretion of materials. These are the folds made up by the plasma membrane. Thus, the correct option is 4.