The change in blood flow after the surgical removal of the pulmonary bypass shunt in alligators, with the help of a diagram, and how the surgery made the alligator heart behave like a bird heart. Introduction: The heart in crocodiles and alligators has four chambers, but they differ from bird hearts because they have two aortas. The two aortas are connected by a shunt known as the pulmonary bypass shunt. A surgery was performed in order to remove this shunt by closing the left aorta near the left ventricle.

Question

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 49, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To review:

The change in blood flow after the surgical removal of the pulmonary bypass shunt in alligators, with the help of a diagram, and how the surgery made the alligator heart behave like a bird heart.

Introduction:

The heart in crocodiles and alligators has four chambers, but they differ from bird hearts because they have two aortas. The two aortas are connected by a shunt known as the pulmonary bypass shunt. A surgery was performed in order to remove this shunt by closing the left aorta near the left ventricle.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The surgery was performed and the flow of blood after the surgical removal of the pulmonary bypass shunt in alligator heart is shown in the figure below:

LIFE: THE SCIENCE OF BIOLOGY, Chapter 49, Problem 1Q

The diagram shows the potential flow of blood through the alligator’s heart at the time of the cardiac shunt. The blood flows from the left aorta, foramen of Panizza, and into the right aortic arch. The scissors symbol and the dotted lines in the diagram show the location at which the surgery was performed and the flow of blood to the left aorta was blocked.

After the surgical removal of the cardiac shunt, the alligator heart became similar to a bird heart. The major difference between the bird and alligator heart is that the alligator heart has two aortas, while the heart in birds has only one. The occlusion of the left aorta in alligator meant that it was only left with one functional aorta through which the blood could flow.

The right ventricle would pump blood into the lungs through the pulmonary artery and the left ventricle would pump blood to the rest of the body through the aorta.

Conclusion

Therefore, it can be concluded that by blocking the left aorta or by removing the pulmonary bypass shunt surgically, the alligator heart starts behaving like a bird’s heart.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Students have asked these similar questions

None

Question #3: In the KeyGene paper, the authors state that it would be useful if pollen from an apomict would transmit apomixis-inducing genes to the female in the cross (assuming the pollen is viable). Assuming there was just one gene conferring gametophytic obligate apomixis, and that the two parents are inbreds, what would be the consequences of such a cross if: a) The apomixis was a dominant trait? Indicate the genotypes and phenotypes (apomict or non- apomict) of the parents, F1 and F2 generations. Remember to include the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios (or percentages) in the F1 and F2 generations, and to position the female first (left side) in the parental cross. b) The apomixis was a recessive trait? Indicate the genotypes and phenotypes (apomict or non- apomict) of the parents, F1 and F2 generations. Remember to include the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios (or percentages) in the F1 and F2 generations, and to position the female first (left side) in the…

Question #5: Assume that two genes are identified that confer gametophytic facultative apomixis in soybean. The genes show independent assortment. Recessive alleles at both loci are required for the facultative apomixis. Facultative apomixis is triggered when the temperature at pollination is above 20 degrees C. At temperatures below 20 degrees C, all reproduction is sexual, independent of genotype. A facultative apomict male, capable of producing viable pollen, was crossed with a sexually reproducing female. Assuming the parents are completely inbred, what are the predicted phenotypic ratios (apomict: non-apomict) for the F1, F2, and DH (F1-derived) generations at each of the following temperatures*: a) 15°C? b) 25°C? *for full credit, show crosses and genotypes where appropriate. Remember to position the female first (left side) in the cross. Type your answer here:

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 49, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To review:

The change in blood flow after the surgical removal of the pulmonary bypass shunt in alligators, with the help of a diagram, and how the surgery made the alligator heart behave like a bird heart.

Introduction:

The heart in crocodiles and alligators has four chambers, but they differ from bird hearts because they have two aortas. The two aortas are connected by a shunt known as the pulmonary bypass shunt. A surgery was performed in order to remove this shunt by closing the left aorta near the left ventricle.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The surgery was performed and the flow of blood after the surgical removal of the pulmonary bypass shunt in alligator heart is shown in the figure below:

LIFE: THE SCIENCE OF BIOLOGY, Chapter 49, Problem 1Q

The diagram shows the potential flow of blood through the alligator’s heart at the time of the cardiac shunt. The blood flows from the left aorta, foramen of Panizza, and into the right aortic arch. The scissors symbol and the dotted lines in the diagram show the location at which the surgery was performed and the flow of blood to the left aorta was blocked.

After the surgical removal of the cardiac shunt, the alligator heart became similar to a bird heart. The major difference between the bird and alligator heart is that the alligator heart has two aortas, while the heart in birds has only one. The occlusion of the left aorta in alligator meant that it was only left with one functional aorta through which the blood could flow.

The right ventricle would pump blood into the lungs through the pulmonary artery and the left ventricle would pump blood to the rest of the body through the aorta.

Conclusion

Therefore, it can be concluded that by blocking the left aorta or by removing the pulmonary bypass shunt surgically, the alligator heart starts behaving like a bird’s heart.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 3

Question

Chapter 49, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To review:

The change in blood flow after the surgical removal of the pulmonary bypass shunt in alligators, with the help of a diagram, and how the surgery made the alligator heart behave like a bird heart.

Introduction:

The heart in crocodiles and alligators has four chambers, but they differ from bird hearts because they have two aortas. The two aortas are connected by a shunt known as the pulmonary bypass shunt. A surgery was performed in order to remove this shunt by closing the left aorta near the left ventricle.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The surgery was performed and the flow of blood after the surgical removal of the pulmonary bypass shunt in alligator heart is shown in the figure below:

LIFE: THE SCIENCE OF BIOLOGY, Chapter 49, Problem 1Q

The diagram shows the potential flow of blood through the alligator’s heart at the time of the cardiac shunt. The blood flows from the left aorta, foramen of Panizza, and into the right aortic arch. The scissors symbol and the dotted lines in the diagram show the location at which the surgery was performed and the flow of blood to the left aorta was blocked.

After the surgical removal of the cardiac shunt, the alligator heart became similar to a bird heart. The major difference between the bird and alligator heart is that the alligator heart has two aortas, while the heart in birds has only one. The occlusion of the left aorta in alligator meant that it was only left with one functional aorta through which the blood could flow.

The right ventricle would pump blood into the lungs through the pulmonary artery and the left ventricle would pump blood to the rest of the body through the aorta.

Conclusion

Therefore, it can be concluded that by blocking the left aorta or by removing the pulmonary bypass shunt surgically, the alligator heart starts behaving like a bird’s heart.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 4

Question

Chapter 49, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To review:

The change in blood flow after the surgical removal of the pulmonary bypass shunt in alligators, with the help of a diagram, and how the surgery made the alligator heart behave like a bird heart.

Introduction:

The heart in crocodiles and alligators has four chambers, but they differ from bird hearts because they have two aortas. The two aortas are connected by a shunt known as the pulmonary bypass shunt. A surgery was performed in order to remove this shunt by closing the left aorta near the left ventricle.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The surgery was performed and the flow of blood after the surgical removal of the pulmonary bypass shunt in alligator heart is shown in the figure below:

LIFE: THE SCIENCE OF BIOLOGY, Chapter 49, Problem 1Q

The diagram shows the potential flow of blood through the alligator’s heart at the time of the cardiac shunt. The blood flows from the left aorta, foramen of Panizza, and into the right aortic arch. The scissors symbol and the dotted lines in the diagram show the location at which the surgery was performed and the flow of blood to the left aorta was blocked.

After the surgical removal of the cardiac shunt, the alligator heart became similar to a bird heart. The major difference between the bird and alligator heart is that the alligator heart has two aortas, while the heart in birds has only one. The occlusion of the left aorta in alligator meant that it was only left with one functional aorta through which the blood could flow.

The right ventricle would pump blood into the lungs through the pulmonary artery and the left ventricle would pump blood to the rest of the body through the aorta.

Conclusion

Therefore, it can be concluded that by blocking the left aorta or by removing the pulmonary bypass shunt surgically, the alligator heart starts behaving like a bird’s heart.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 5

Chapter 49, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To review:

The change in blood flow after the surgical removal of the pulmonary bypass shunt in alligators, with the help of a diagram, and how the surgery made the alligator heart behave like a bird heart.

Introduction:

The heart in crocodiles and alligators has four chambers, but they differ from bird hearts because they have two aortas. The two aortas are connected by a shunt known as the pulmonary bypass shunt. A surgery was performed in order to remove this shunt by closing the left aorta near the left ventricle.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The surgery was performed and the flow of blood after the surgical removal of the pulmonary bypass shunt in alligator heart is shown in the figure below:

LIFE: THE SCIENCE OF BIOLOGY, Chapter 49, Problem 1Q

The diagram shows the potential flow of blood through the alligator’s heart at the time of the cardiac shunt. The blood flows from the left aorta, foramen of Panizza, and into the right aortic arch. The scissors symbol and the dotted lines in the diagram show the location at which the surgery was performed and the flow of blood to the left aorta was blocked.

After the surgical removal of the cardiac shunt, the alligator heart became similar to a bird heart. The major difference between the bird and alligator heart is that the alligator heart has two aortas, while the heart in birds has only one. The occlusion of the left aorta in alligator meant that it was only left with one functional aorta through which the blood could flow.

The right ventricle would pump blood into the lungs through the pulmonary artery and the left ventricle would pump blood to the rest of the body through the aorta.

Conclusion

Therefore, it can be concluded that by blocking the left aorta or by removing the pulmonary bypass shunt surgically, the alligator heart starts behaving like a bird’s heart.

Answer 6

Chapter 49, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To review:

The change in blood flow after the surgical removal of the pulmonary bypass shunt in alligators, with the help of a diagram, and how the surgery made the alligator heart behave like a bird heart.

Introduction:

The heart in crocodiles and alligators has four chambers, but they differ from bird hearts because they have two aortas. The two aortas are connected by a shunt known as the pulmonary bypass shunt. A surgery was performed in order to remove this shunt by closing the left aorta near the left ventricle.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The surgery was performed and the flow of blood after the surgical removal of the pulmonary bypass shunt in alligator heart is shown in the figure below:

LIFE: THE SCIENCE OF BIOLOGY, Chapter 49, Problem 1Q

The diagram shows the potential flow of blood through the alligator’s heart at the time of the cardiac shunt. The blood flows from the left aorta, foramen of Panizza, and into the right aortic arch. The scissors symbol and the dotted lines in the diagram show the location at which the surgery was performed and the flow of blood to the left aorta was blocked.

After the surgical removal of the cardiac shunt, the alligator heart became similar to a bird heart. The major difference between the bird and alligator heart is that the alligator heart has two aortas, while the heart in birds has only one. The occlusion of the left aorta in alligator meant that it was only left with one functional aorta through which the blood could flow.

The right ventricle would pump blood into the lungs through the pulmonary artery and the left ventricle would pump blood to the rest of the body through the aorta.

Conclusion

Therefore, it can be concluded that by blocking the left aorta or by removing the pulmonary bypass shunt surgically, the alligator heart starts behaving like a bird’s heart.

Answer 7

Chapter 49, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To review:

The change in blood flow after the surgical removal of the pulmonary bypass shunt in alligators, with the help of a diagram, and how the surgery made the alligator heart behave like a bird heart.

Introduction:

The heart in crocodiles and alligators has four chambers, but they differ from bird hearts because they have two aortas. The two aortas are connected by a shunt known as the pulmonary bypass shunt. A surgery was performed in order to remove this shunt by closing the left aorta near the left ventricle.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The surgery was performed and the flow of blood after the surgical removal of the pulmonary bypass shunt in alligator heart is shown in the figure below:

LIFE: THE SCIENCE OF BIOLOGY, Chapter 49, Problem 1Q

The diagram shows the potential flow of blood through the alligator’s heart at the time of the cardiac shunt. The blood flows from the left aorta, foramen of Panizza, and into the right aortic arch. The scissors symbol and the dotted lines in the diagram show the location at which the surgery was performed and the flow of blood to the left aorta was blocked.

After the surgical removal of the cardiac shunt, the alligator heart became similar to a bird heart. The major difference between the bird and alligator heart is that the alligator heart has two aortas, while the heart in birds has only one. The occlusion of the left aorta in alligator meant that it was only left with one functional aorta through which the blood could flow.

The right ventricle would pump blood into the lungs through the pulmonary artery and the left ventricle would pump blood to the rest of the body through the aorta.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Conclusion

Therefore, it can be concluded that by blocking the left aorta or by removing the pulmonary bypass shunt surgically, the alligator heart starts behaving like a bird’s heart.

Answer 12

Ch. 49.1 - Prob. 1R Ch. 49.1 - Prob. 2R Ch. 49.1 - Prob. 3R Ch. 49.1 - Prob. 4R Ch. 49.2 - Prob. 1R Ch. 49.2 - Prob. 2R Ch. 49.2 - Prob. 3R Ch. 49.2 - Prob. 4R Ch. 49.3 - Prob. 1R Ch. 49.3 - Prob. 2R

Concept explainers

Videos

Explanation of Solution

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Chapter 49 Solutions