Linear Algebra and Its Applications (5th Edition)
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780321982384
Author: David C. Lay, Steven R. Lay, Judi J. McDonald
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 4.9, Problem 1E
A small remote village receives radio broadcasts from two radio stations, a news station and a music station. Of the listeners who are tuned to the news station, 70% will remain listening to the news after the station break that occurs each half hour, while 30% will switch to the music station at the station break. Of the listeners who are tuned to the music station, 60% will switch to the news station at the station break, while 40% will remain listening to the music. Suppose everyone is listening to the news at 8:15 A.M.
- a. Give the stochastic matrix that describes how the radio listeners tend to change stations at each station break. Label the rows and columns.
- b. Give the initial state
vector . - c. What percentage of the listeners will be listening to the music station at 9:25 A.M. (after the station breaks at 8:30 and 9:00 A.M.)?
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A remote village receives radio broadcasts from two radio stations, a news station and a music station. Of the listeners who are tuned to the news station, 60% will remain listening to the news after the station break that occurs each half hour, while 40% will switch to the music station at the station break.
Of the listeners who are tuned to the music station, 80% will switch to the news station at the station break, while 20% will remain listening to the music. Suppose everyone is listening to the news at 8:15 A.M. Complete parts a and b.
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Chapter 4 Solutions
Linear Algebra and Its Applications (5th Edition)
Ch. 4.1 - Show that the set H of all points in 2 of the form...Ch. 4.1 - Let W = Span{v1,...,vp}, where v1,..,vp are in a...Ch. 4.1 - An n n matrix A is said to be symmetric if AT =...Ch. 4.1 - Let V be the first quadrant in the xy-plane; that...Ch. 4.1 - Let W be the union of the first and third...Ch. 4.1 - Let H be the set of points inside and on the unit...Ch. 4.1 - Construct a geometric figure that illustrates why...Ch. 4.1 - In Exercises 58, determine if the given set is a...Ch. 4.1 - In Exercises 58, determine if the given set is a...Ch. 4.1 - In Exercises 58, determine if the given set is a...
Ch. 4.1 - In Exercises 58, determine if the given set is a...Ch. 4.1 - Let H be the set of all vectors of the form...Ch. 4.1 - Let H be the set of all vectors of the form...Ch. 4.1 - Let W be the set of all vectors of the form...Ch. 4.1 - Let W be the set of all vectors of the form...Ch. 4.1 - Let v1 = [101], v2 = [213], v3 = [426], and w=...Ch. 4.1 - Let v1, v2, v3 be as in Exercise 13, and let w =...Ch. 4.1 - In Exercises 1518, let W be the set of all vectors...Ch. 4.1 - In Exercises 1518, let W be the set of all vectors...Ch. 4.1 - In Exercises 1518, let W be the set of all vectors...Ch. 4.1 - In Exercises 1518, let W be the set of all vectors...Ch. 4.1 - If a mass m is placed at the end of a spring, and...Ch. 4.1 - The set of all continuous real-valued functions...Ch. 4.1 - Determine if the set H of all matrices of the form...Ch. 4.1 - Let F be a fixed 32 matrix, and let H be the set...Ch. 4.1 - In Exercises 23 and 24, mark each statement True...Ch. 4.1 - a. A vector is any element of a vector space. b....Ch. 4.1 - Exercises 2529 show how the axioms for a vector...Ch. 4.1 - Exercises 2529 show how the axioms for a vector...Ch. 4.1 - Exercises 2529 show how the axioms for a vector...Ch. 4.1 - Exercises 2529 show how the axioms for a vector...Ch. 4.1 - Exercises 2529 show how the axioms for a vector...Ch. 4.1 - Suppose cu = 0 for some nonzero scalar c. Show...Ch. 4.1 - Let u and v be vectors in a vector space V, and...Ch. 4.1 - Let H and K be sub spaces of a vector space V. The...Ch. 4.1 - Given subspaces H and K of a vector space V, the...Ch. 4.1 - Suppose u1,..., up and v1,..., vq are vectors in a...Ch. 4.1 - [M] Show that w is in the subspace of 4 spanned by...Ch. 4.1 - [M] Determine if y is in the subspace of 4 spanned...Ch. 4.1 - [M] The vector space H = Span {1, cos2t, cos4t,...Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 38ECh. 4.2 - Let W = {[abc]:a3bc=0}. Show in two different ways...Ch. 4.2 - Let A = [735415524], v = [211], and w = [763]....Ch. 4.2 - Let A be an n n matrix. If Col A = Nul A, show...Ch. 4.2 - Determine if w = [134] is in Nul A, where A =...Ch. 4.2 - Determine if w = [532] is in Nul A, where A =...Ch. 4.2 - In Exercises 36, find an explicit description of...Ch. 4.2 - In Exercises 36, find an explicit description of...Ch. 4.2 - In Exercises 36, find an explicit description of...Ch. 4.2 - In Exercises 36, find an explicit description of...Ch. 4.2 - In Exercises 714, either use an appropriate...Ch. 4.2 - In Exercises 714, either use an appropriate...Ch. 4.2 - In Exercises 714, either use an appropriate...Ch. 4.2 - In Exercises 714, either use an appropriate...Ch. 4.2 - In Exercises 714, either use an appropriate...Ch. 4.2 - In Exercises 714, either use an appropriate...Ch. 4.2 - In Exercises 714, either use an appropriate...Ch. 4.2 - In Exercises 714, either use an appropriate...Ch. 4.2 - In Exercises 15 and 16, find A such that the given...Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 16ECh. 4.2 - For the matrices in Exercises 1720, (a) find k...Ch. 4.2 - For the matrices in Exercises 1720, (a) find k...Ch. 4.2 - For the matrices in Exercises 1720, (a) find k...Ch. 4.2 - For the matrices in Exercises 17-20, (a) find k...Ch. 4.2 - With A as in Exercise 17, find a nonzero vector in...Ch. 4.2 - With A as in Exercise 3, find a nonzero vector in...Ch. 4.2 - Let A=[61236] and w=[21]. Determine if w is in Col...Ch. 4.2 - Let A=[829648404] and w=[212]. Determine w is in...Ch. 4.2 - In Exercises 25 and 26, A denotes an m n matrix....Ch. 4.2 - In Exercises 25 and 26, A denotes an m n matrix....Ch. 4.2 - It can be shown that a solution of the system...Ch. 4.2 - Consider the following two systems of equations:...Ch. 4.2 - Prove Theorem 3 as follows: Given an m n matrix...Ch. 4.2 - Let T : V W be a linear transformation from a...Ch. 4.2 - Define T : p2 by T(p)=[p(0)p(1)]. For instance, if...Ch. 4.2 - Define a linear transformation T: p2 2 by...Ch. 4.2 - Let M22 be the vector space of all 2 2 matrices,...Ch. 4.2 - (Calculus required) Define T : C[0, 1 ] C[0, 1]...Ch. 4.2 - Let V and W be vector spaces, and let T : V W be...Ch. 4.2 - Given T : V W as in Exercise 35, and given a...Ch. 4.2 - [M] Determine whether w is in the column space of...Ch. 4.2 - [M] Determine whether w is in the column space of...Ch. 4.2 - [M] Let a1,,a5 denote the columns of the matrix A,...Ch. 4.2 - [M] Let H = Span {v1, v2} and K = Span {v3, v4},...Ch. 4.3 - Let v1=[123] and v2=[279]. Determine if {v1, v2}...Ch. 4.3 - Let v1=[134], v2=[621], v3=[223], and v4=[489]....Ch. 4.3 - Let v1=[100], v2=[010], and H={[ss0]:sin}. Then...Ch. 4.3 - Let V and W be vector spaces, let T : V W and U :...Ch. 4.3 - Determine which sets in Exercises 1-8 are bases...Ch. 4.3 - Determine which sets in Exercises 1-8 are bases...Ch. 4.3 - Determine which sets in Exercises 1-8 are bases...Ch. 4.3 - Determine which sets in Exercises 1-8 are bases...Ch. 4.3 - Determine which sets in Exercises 1-8 are bases...Ch. 4.3 - Determine which sets in Exercises 1-8 are bases...Ch. 4.3 - Determine which sets in Exercises 1-8 are bases...Ch. 4.3 - Determine which sets in Exercises 1-8 are bases...Ch. 4.3 - Find bases for the null spaces of the matrices...Ch. 4.3 - Find bases for the null spaces of the matrices...Ch. 4.3 - Find a basis for the set of vectors in 3 in the...Ch. 4.3 - Find a basis for the set of vectors in 2 on the...Ch. 4.3 - In Exercises 13 and 14, assume that A is row...Ch. 4.3 - In Exercises 13 and 14, assume that A is row...Ch. 4.3 - In Exercises 15-18, find a basis for the space...Ch. 4.3 - In Exercises 15-18, find a basis for the space...Ch. 4.3 - In Exercises 15-18, find a basis for the space...Ch. 4.3 - In Exercises 15-18, find a basis for the space...Ch. 4.3 - Let v1=[437], v2=[192], v3=[7116], and H =...Ch. 4.3 - Let v1=[7495], v2=[4725], v3=[1534]. It can be...Ch. 4.3 - In Exercises 21 and 22, mark each statement True...Ch. 4.3 - In Exercises 21 and 22, mark each statement True...Ch. 4.3 - Suppose 4 = Span {v1,,v4}. Explain why {v1,,v4} is...Ch. 4.3 - Let B = {v1,..., vn} be a linearly independent set...Ch. 4.3 - Let v1=[101], v2=[011], v3=[010], and let H be the...Ch. 4.3 - In the vector space of all real-valued functions,...Ch. 4.3 - Let V be the vector space of functions that...Ch. 4.3 - (RLC circuit) The circuit in the figure consists...Ch. 4.3 - Exercises 29 and 30 show that every basis for n...Ch. 4.3 - Exercises 29 and 30 show that every basis for n...Ch. 4.3 - Exercises 31 and 32 reveal an important connection...Ch. 4.3 - Exercises 31 and 32 reveal an important connection...Ch. 4.3 - Consider the polynomials p1(t) = 1 + t2 and p2(t)...Ch. 4.3 - Consider the polynomials p1(t) = 1 + t, p2(t) = 1 ...Ch. 4.3 - Let V be a vector space that contains a linearly...Ch. 4.3 - [M] Let H = Span {u1, u2, u3} and K = Span{v1,v2,...Ch. 4.3 - [M] Show that {t, sin t, cos 2t, sin t cos t} is a...Ch. 4.3 - [M] Show that {1, cos t, cos2 t,..., cos6t} is a...Ch. 4.4 - Let b1=[100], b2=[340], b3=[363], and x=[823]. a....Ch. 4.4 - The set B = {1 + t, 1 + t2, t + t2} is a basis for...Ch. 4.4 - In Exercises 1-4, find the vector x determined by...Ch. 4.4 - In Exercises 1-4, find the vector x determined by...Ch. 4.4 - In Exercises 1-4, find the vector x determined by...Ch. 4.4 - In Exercises 1-4, find the vector x determined by...Ch. 4.4 - In Exercises 5-8, find the coordinate vector [ x...Ch. 4.4 - In Exercises 5-8, find the coordinate vector [ x...Ch. 4.4 - In Exercises 5-8, find the coordinate vector [ x...Ch. 4.4 - In Exercises 5-8, find the coordinate vector [ x...Ch. 4.4 - In Exercises 9 and 10, find the...Ch. 4.4 - In Exercises 9 and 10, find the...Ch. 4.4 - In Exercises 11 and 12, use an inverse matrix to...Ch. 4.4 - In Exercises 11 and 12, use an inverse matrix to...Ch. 4.4 - The set B = {1 + t2, t + t2, 1 + 2t + t2} is a...Ch. 4.4 - The set B = {1 t2, t t2, 2 2t + t2} is a basis...Ch. 4.4 - In Exercises 15 and 16, mark each statement True...Ch. 4.4 - In Exercises 15 and 16, mark each statement True...Ch. 4.4 - The vectors v1=[13], v2=[28], v3=[37] span 2 but...Ch. 4.4 - Let B = {b1,...,bn} be a basis for a vector space...Ch. 4.4 - Let S be a finite set in a vector space V with the...Ch. 4.4 - Suppose {v1,...,v4} is a linearly dependent...Ch. 4.4 - Let B={[14],[29]}. Since the coordinate mapping...Ch. 4.4 - Let B = {b1,...,bn} be a basis for n. Produce a...Ch. 4.4 - Exercises 23-26 concern a vector space V, a basis...Ch. 4.4 - Exercises 23-26 concern a vector space V, a basis...Ch. 4.4 - Exercises 23-26 concern a vector space V, a basis...Ch. 4.4 - Exercises 23-26 concern a vector space V, a basis...Ch. 4.4 - In Exercises 27-30, use coordinate vectors to test...Ch. 4.4 - In Exercises 27-30, use coordinate vectors to test...Ch. 4.4 - In Exercises 27-30, use coordinate vectors to test...Ch. 4.4 - In Exercises 27-30, use coordinate vectors to test...Ch. 4.4 - Use coordinate vectors to test whether the...Ch. 4.4 - Let p1 (t) = 1 + t2, p2(t) = t 3t2, p3 (t) = 1 +...Ch. 4.4 - In Exercises 33 and 34, determine whether the sets...Ch. 4.4 - In Exercises 33 and 34, determine whether the sets...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 35ECh. 4.4 - [M] Let H = Span{v1,v2, v3} and B ={v1,v2, v3}....Ch. 4.4 - [M] Exercises 37 and 38 concern the crystal...Ch. 4.4 - [M] Exercises 37 and 38 concern the crystal...Ch. 4.5 - Decide whether each statement is True or False,...Ch. 4.5 - Let H and K be subspaces of a vector space V. In...Ch. 4.5 - For each subspace in Exercises 1-8, (a) find a...Ch. 4.5 - For each subspace in Exercises 1-8, (a) find a...Ch. 4.5 - For each subspace in Exercises 1-8, (a) find a...Ch. 4.5 - For each subspace in Exercises 1-8, (a) find a...Ch. 4.5 - For each subspace in Exercises 1-8, (a) find a...Ch. 4.5 - For each subspace in Exercises 1-8, (a) find a...Ch. 4.5 - For each subspace in Exercises 1-8, (a) find a...Ch. 4.5 - For each subspace in Exercises 1-8, (a) find a...Ch. 4.5 - Find the dimension of the subspace of all vectors...Ch. 4.5 - Find the dimension of the subspace H of 2 spanned...Ch. 4.5 - In Exercises 11 and 12, find the dimension of the...Ch. 4.5 - In Exercises 11 and 12, find the dimension of the...Ch. 4.5 - Determine the dimensions of Nul A and Col A for...Ch. 4.5 - Determine the dimensions of Nul A and Col A for...Ch. 4.5 - Determine the dimensions of Nul A and Col A for...Ch. 4.5 - Determine the dimensions of Nul A and Col A for...Ch. 4.5 - Determine the dimensions of Nul A and Col A for...Ch. 4.5 - In Exercises 19 and 20, V is a vector space. Mark...Ch. 4.5 - In Exercises 19 and 20, V is a vector space. Mark...Ch. 4.5 - The first four Hermite polynomials are 1, 2t, 2 +...Ch. 4.5 - The first four Laguerre polynomials are 1, 1 t, 2...Ch. 4.5 - Let B be the basis of 3 consisting of the Hermite...Ch. 4.5 - Let B be the basis of 2 consisting of the first...Ch. 4.5 - Let S be a subset of an n-dimensional vector space...Ch. 4.5 - Let H be an n-dimensional subspace of an...Ch. 4.5 - Explain why the space of all polynomials is an...Ch. 4.5 - Show that the space C() of all continuous...Ch. 4.5 - In Exercises 29 and 30, V is a nonzero...Ch. 4.5 - In Exercises 29 and 30, V is a nonzero...Ch. 4.5 - Exercises 31 and 32 concern finite-dimensional...Ch. 4.5 - Exercises 31 and 32 concern finite-dimensional...Ch. 4.6 - The matrices below are row equivalent....Ch. 4.6 - The matrices below are equivalent....Ch. 4.6 - The matrices below are row equivalent....Ch. 4.6 - The matrices below are equivalent....Ch. 4.6 - In Exercises 1-4, assume that the matrix A is row...Ch. 4.6 - In Exercises 1-4, assume that the matrix A is row...Ch. 4.6 - In Exercises 1-4, assume that the matrix A is row...Ch. 4.6 - In Exercises 1-4, assume that the matrix A is row...Ch. 4.6 - If a 3 8 matrix A has rank 3, find dim Nul A, dim...Ch. 4.6 - If a 6 3 matrix A has rank 3, find dim Nul A, dim...Ch. 4.6 - Suppose a 4 7 matrix A has four pivot columns. Is...Ch. 4.6 - Suppose a 5 6 matrix A has four pivot columns....Ch. 4.6 - If the null space of a 5 6 matrix A is...Ch. 4.6 - If the null space of a 7 6 matrix A is...Ch. 4.6 - If the null space of an 8 5 matrix A is...Ch. 4.6 - If the null space of a 5 6 matrix A is...Ch. 4.6 - If A is a 7 5 matrix, what is the largest...Ch. 4.6 - If A is a 4 3 matrix, what is the largest...Ch. 4.6 - If A is a 6 8 matrix, what is the smallest...Ch. 4.6 - If A is a 6 4 matrix, what is the smallest...Ch. 4.6 - In Exercises 17 and 18, A is an m n matrix. Mark...Ch. 4.6 - In Exercises 17 and 18, A is an m n matrix. Mark...Ch. 4.6 - Suppose the solutions of a homogeneous system of...Ch. 4.6 - Suppose a nonhomogeneous system of six linear...Ch. 4.6 - Suppose a nonhomogeneous system of nine linear...Ch. 4.6 - Is it possible that all solutions of a homogeneous...Ch. 4.6 - A homogeneous system of twelve linear equations in...Ch. 4.6 - Is it possible for a nonhomogeneous system of...Ch. 4.6 - A scientist solves a nonhomogeneous system of ten...Ch. 4.6 - In statistical theory, a common requirement is...Ch. 4.6 - Exercises 27-29 concern an m n matrix A and what...Ch. 4.6 - Exercises 27-29 concern an m n matrix A and what...Ch. 4.6 - Exercises 27-29 concern an m n matrix A and what...Ch. 4.6 - Prob. 30ECh. 4.6 - Rank 1 matrices are important in some computer...Ch. 4.6 - Rank 1 matrices are important in some computer...Ch. 4.6 - Rank 1 matrices are important in some computer...Ch. 4.7 - Let B = {b1, b2} and C = {c1, c2} be bases for a...Ch. 4.7 - Let B = {b1, b2} and C = {c1, c2} be bases for a...Ch. 4.7 - Let u = {u1, u2} and w = {w1, w2} be bases for V,...Ch. 4.7 - Let A = {a1, a2, a3} and D = {d1, d2, d3} be bases...Ch. 4.7 - Let A = {a1, a2, a3} and B = {b1, b2, b3} be bases...Ch. 4.7 - Let D = {d1, d2, d3} and F = {f1, f2, f3} be bases...Ch. 4.7 - In Exercises 7-10, let B = {b1, b2} and C = {c1,...Ch. 4.7 - In Exercises 7-10, let B = {b1, b2} and C = {c1,...Ch. 4.7 - In Exercises 7-10, let B = {b1, b2} and C = {c1,...Ch. 4.7 - In Exercises 7-10, let B = {b1, b2} and C = {c1,...Ch. 4.7 - In Exercises 11 and 12, B and C are bases for a...Ch. 4.7 - In Exercises 11 and 12, B and C are bases for a...Ch. 4.7 - In 2 find the change-of-coordinates matrix from...Ch. 4.7 - In 2 find the change-of-coordinates matrix from...Ch. 4.7 - Exercises 15 and 16 provide a proof of Theorem 15....Ch. 4.7 - Prob. 16ECh. 4.7 - Prob. 17ECh. 4.7 - Prob. 18ECh. 4.7 - [M] Let P=[121350461],v1=[223],v2=[852],v3=[726]...Ch. 4.7 - Let B = {b1, b2}, C = {c1, c2}, and D = {d1, d2}...Ch. 4.8 - Verify that the signals in Exercises 1 and 2 are...Ch. 4.8 - Prob. 2ECh. 4.8 - Prob. 3ECh. 4.8 - Show that the signals in Exercises 3-6 form a...Ch. 4.8 - Show that the signals in Exercises 3-6 form a...Ch. 4.8 - Show that the signals in Exercises 3-6 form a...Ch. 4.8 - Prob. 7ECh. 4.8 - Prob. 8ECh. 4.8 - Prob. 9ECh. 4.8 - Prob. 10ECh. 4.8 - Prob. 11ECh. 4.8 - Prob. 12ECh. 4.8 - In Exercises 13-16, find a basis for the solution...Ch. 4.8 - In Exercises 13-16, find a basis for the solution...Ch. 4.8 - In Exercises 13-16, find a basis for the solution...Ch. 4.8 - In Exercises 13-16, find a basis for the solution...Ch. 4.8 - Exercises 17 and 18 concern a simple model of the...Ch. 4.8 - Exercises 17 and 18 concern a simple model of the...Ch. 4.8 - Prob. 19ECh. 4.8 - A lightweight cantilevered beam is supported at N...Ch. 4.8 - Prob. 23ECh. 4.8 - Prob. 24ECh. 4.8 - Prob. 25ECh. 4.8 - Prob. 26ECh. 4.8 - Prob. 27ECh. 4.8 - Prob. 28ECh. 4.8 - Prob. 29ECh. 4.8 - Write the difference equations in Exercises 29 and...Ch. 4.8 - Prob. 31ECh. 4.8 - Prob. 32ECh. 4.8 - Let yk = k2 and zk = 2k|k|. Are the signals {yk}...Ch. 4.8 - Let f, g, and h be linearly independent functions...Ch. 4.8 - Prob. 35ECh. 4.8 - Prob. 37ECh. 4.9 - Suppose the residents of a metropolitan region...Ch. 4.9 - Prob. 2PPCh. 4.9 - Prob. 3PPCh. 4.9 - A small remote village receives radio broadcasts...Ch. 4.9 - A laboratory animal may cat any one of three foods...Ch. 4.9 - On any given day, a student is either healthy or...Ch. 4.9 - The weather in Columbus is either good,...Ch. 4.9 - In Exercises 5-8, find the steady-state vector. 5....Ch. 4.9 - In Exercises 5-8, find the steady-state vector. 6....Ch. 4.9 - In Exercises 5-8, find the steady-state vector. 7....Ch. 4.9 - In Exercises 5-8, find the steady-state vector. 8....Ch. 4.9 - Determine if p=[.21.80] is a regular stochastic...Ch. 4.9 - Determine if p=[1.20.8] is a regular stochastic...Ch. 4.9 - a. Find the steady-state vector for the Markov...Ch. 4.9 - Refer to Exercise 2. Which food will the animal...Ch. 4.9 - a. Find the steady-state vector for the Markov...Ch. 4.9 - Refer to Exercise 4. In the long run, how likely...Ch. 4.9 - Let P be an n n stochastic matrix. The following...Ch. 4.9 - Show that every 2 2 stochastic matrix has at...Ch. 4.9 - Let S be the 1 n row matrix with a 1 in each...Ch. 4.9 - Prob. 20ECh. 4 - Mark each statement True or False. Justify each...Ch. 4 - Find a basis for the set of all vectors of the...Ch. 4 - Let u1=[246], u2=[125], b=[b1b2b3], and W =...Ch. 4 - Explain what is wrong with the following...Ch. 4 - Consider the polynomials p1(t) = 1 +t, p2(t) = 1 ...Ch. 4 - Prob. 6SECh. 4 - Prob. 7SECh. 4 - Prob. 8SECh. 4 - Let T : n m be a linear transformation. a. What...Ch. 4 - Prob. 10SECh. 4 - Let S be a finite minimal spanning set of a vector...Ch. 4 - Prob. 12SECh. 4 - Exercises 12-17 develop properties of rank that...Ch. 4 - Prob. 14SECh. 4 - Prob. 15SECh. 4 - Exercises 12-17 develop properties of rank that...Ch. 4 - Exercises 12-17 develop properties of rank that...Ch. 4 - The concept of rank plays an important role in the...Ch. 4 - Determine if the matrix pairs in Exercises 19-22...Ch. 4 - Determine if the matrix pairs in Exercises 19-22...Ch. 4 - Determine if the matrix pairs in Exercises 19-22...Ch. 4 - Prob. 22SE
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- Dr. Jones conducted a study examining the relationship between the amount of sugar in a child’s diet and the activity level of the child. A sample of 30 four-year-old children from a local preschool was used in the study. Sugar consumption was measured by interviewing the parents about each child’s diet. Based on the result of the interview, each child was then placed into one of two groups: high sugar consumption and low sugar consumption. Activity level was measured by observing the children during a regular preschool afternoon. Finally, Dr. Jones compared the activity level for the high-sugar group with the activity level for the low-sugar group. Explain why Dr. Jones’ study is not an example of the experimental research strategy and provide way that it can be tested experimentally.arrow_forwardA medical study is conducted to determine which migraine treatment, A or B, provides faster relief. The study uses 10 volunteers who claim to suffer from migraines. Half of the volunteers are randomly assigned to use treatment A when they experience their first migraine. The other half are assigned to use treatment B. Then, after no treatment for one month, the treatments are reversed. The volunteers each record the amount of time it takes, in minutes, to experience relief from their migraine under each treatment. The data are displayed in the table. The conditions for inference are met. The 99% confidence interval for the mean difference (A – B) in the time it takes to experience relief is –8.37 minutes to 0.732 minutes. What is the correct interpretation of this interval? The researchers can be 99% confident that the interval from –8.37 minutes to 0.732 minutes captures the true mean time it takes to experience relief. The researchers can be 99% confident that the interval from…arrow_forwardA medical study is conducted to determine which migraine treatment, A or B, provides faster relief. The study uses 10 volunteers who claim to suffer from migraines. Half of the volunteers are randomly assigned to use treatment A when they experience their first migraine. The other half are assigned to use treatment B. Then, after no treatment for one month, the treatments are reversed. The volunteers each record the amount of time it takes, in minutes, to experience relief from their migraine under each treatment. The data are displayed in the table. A 3-column table with 10 rows. Column 1 is labeled volunteer with entries 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10. Column 2 is labeled Treatment A with entries 10, 13, 13, 9, 13, 12, 14, 10, 8, 7. Column 3 is labeled Treatment B with entries 19, 18, 19, 15, 20, 16, 16, 16, 13, 17. A 99% confidence interval for the mean difference (A – B) in the time it takes to experience relief is –8.37 minutes to 0.732 minutes. Based on the confidence interval,…arrow_forward
- A medical study is conducted to determine which migraine treatment, A or B, provides faster relief. The study uses 10 volunteers who claim to suffer from migraines. Half of the volunteers are randomly assigned to use treatment A when they experience their first migraine. The other half are assigned to use treatment B. Then, after no treatment for one month, the treatments are reversed. The volunteers each record the amount of time it takes, in minutes, to experience relief from their migraine under each treatment. The data are displayed in the table. Volunteer 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Treatment A 10 13 13 9 13 12 14 10 8 7 Treatment B 19 18 19 15 20 16 16 16 13 17 Difference (A – B) –9 –5 –6 –6 –7 –4 –2 –6 –5 –10 The conditions for inference are met. What is the correct 99% confidence interval for the mean difference (A – B) in the time it takes to experience relief? Find the t-table here. (–7.881, –4.119) (–8.314, –3.686) (–8.373, –3.627) (–7.431, –4.569)arrow_forwardWXXX, WYYY, AND WZZZ are three radio stations that compete for listeners. Each month some of the listeners switch from one station to another while some remain loyal to their current station. It has been found that each month: 20% of the listeners of WXXX switch to WYYY 10% of the listeners of WXXX switch to WZZZ 30% of the listeners of WYYY switch to WXXX 10% of the listeners of WYYY switch to WZZZ 20% of the listeners of WZZZ switch to WXXX 30% of the listeners of WZZZ switch to WYYY Currently, the listening audience is divided as follows: 25% listen to WXXX 40% listen to WYYY 35% listen to WZZZ Use this information to answer the following questions. (Give your answers correct to three decimal places. Note that you are asked to give decimal values and not percentages. For example, you would need to enter 0.628 as opposed to 62.800%.) (a) What fraction of the listeners will WZZZ have after 2 months? (b) What fraction of the listeners will WXXX have after 3 months? (c) What fraction of…arrow_forwardThe source depicts the results of a fictional study investigating whether the number of hours of sleep a person gets varies with his or her gender(male,female) and with the number of energy drinks that he or she consumes in a day. Equal numbers of men and women were randomly assigned to drink either 0, 1, or 2 energy drinks during the course of a day and then record the number of hours they slept that night. Table: Coffee and Sleep Source SS df MS F Gender 0.250 1 0.250 0.283 Energy Drinks 81.556 2 40.778 46.180 Gender X Drinks 2.667 2 1.330 1.510 Within…arrow_forward
- A car wash has three different types of washes: basic, classic, and ultimate. Based on records, 45% of customers get the basic wash, 35% get the classic wash, and 20% get the ultimate wash. Some customers also vacuum out their cars after the wash. The car wash records show that 10% of customers who get the basic wash, 25% of customers who get the classic wash, and 60% of customers who get the ultimate wash also vacuum their cars. The probabilities are displayed in the tree diagram. What is the probability that a randomly selected customer purchases the ultimate car wash if they vacuum their car? 0.12 0.20 0.32 0.48arrow_forwardA car wash has three different types of washes: basic, classic, and ultimate. Based on records, 45% of customers get the basic wash, 35% get the classic wash, and 20% get the ultimate wash. Some customers also vacuum out their cars after the wash. The car wash records show that 10% of customers who get the basic wash, 25% of customers who get the classic wash, and 60% of customers who get the ultimate wash also vacuum their cars. The probabilities are displayed in the tree diagram.What is the probability that a randomly selected customer purchases the basic or classic car wash if they vacuum their car?A) 0.13B) 0.48C) 0.52D) 0.80arrow_forwardYou have chosen three breeds of chicken for your farm after studying their egg-laying capabilities. Of the total of 50 chickens, 10 will be White Leghorns, 30 will be Goldlines, and 10 will be Rhode Island Reds. The Goldlines and the Rhode Island Reds lay brown eggs, and the White Leghorns lay white eggs. You also have this data on the average number of eggs laid per year by each breed: White Leghorn: 300 eggs per year Goldline: 320 eggs per year Rhode Island Red: 220 eggs per year If you pick a chicken at random, what is the probability of picking a chicken of each breed? What is that chicken's average yearly egg yield? Breed Probability of a Chicken in the Flock Being this Breed Average Number of Eggs per Year Goldline Rhode Island Red White Leghorn Use this knowledge of expected values to find how many eggs, on average, you can expect from each chicken you own in its first year of prime egg-laying ability. You find that many people like brown eggs. How many…arrow_forward
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