Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 48, Problem 6TYU
Summary Introduction
Introduction: The urinary system is the drainage system of the body for removing the wastes in the form of urine. For this process, the parts of the urinary system should work together in coordination. The mammalian urinary system includes kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra.
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Tubular transport maximum (Tm) is (a) the maximum rate at which a substance in the filtrate can be reabsorbed into the blood from the renal tubules (b) the most rapid rate at which urine can be transported through the ureter (c) the maximum rate at which a substance can be reabsorbed by theglomerulus (d) the maximum rate at which a substance can pass through the loop of Henle (e) the maximum amount of a substance that can be secreted into the filtrate
The process of hydrogen ion secretion in the proximal convoluted tubule occurs via which of the following mechanisms?
Choose from the following:
(A) hydrogen ions diffuse out of the glomerular filtrate of the proximal convoluted tubule, through extracellular fluid and into the peritubular blood
(B) carbon dioxide diffuses into the proximal convoluted tubule cell from peritubular capillary blood; undergoes a chemical reaction to form carbonic acid; dissociates into hydrogen and bicarbonate ions; the hydrogen ion diffuses into the glomerular filtrate of the proximal convoluted tubule
(C) hydrogen ions diffuse out of the peritubular capillary blood, through extracellular fluid and into the filtrate of the proximal convoluted tubule
(D) carbon dioxide diffuses into the proximal convoluted tubule cell from the glomerular filtrate; undergoes a chemical reacdtion to form carbonic acid; dissociates into hydrogen and bicarbonate ions; the hydrogen ions diffuse into the peritubular blood
Indicate whether the following statements are true or false :(a) Micturition is carried out by a reflex.(b) ADH helps in water elimination, making the urine hypotonic.(c) Protein-free fluid is filtered from blood plasma into the Bowman’s capsule.(d) Henle’s loop plays an important role in concentrating the urine.(e) Glucose is actively reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule.
Chapter 48 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 48.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 48.1 - How does osmoregulation contribute to homeostasis?Ch. 48.1 - Prob. 2CCh. 48.2 - Prob. 2LOCh. 48.2 - Prob. 1CCh. 48.2 - What are the benefits of excreting nitrogenous...Ch. 48.3 - Prob. 3LOCh. 48.3 - Compare the structure and function of...Ch. 48.3 - Prob. 1CCh. 48.4 - Relate the function of the vertebrate kidney to...
Ch. 48.4 - Compare adaptations for osmoregulation in...Ch. 48.4 - What type of osmoregulatory challenge is faced by...Ch. 48.4 - Prob. 2CCh. 48.5 - Prob. 7LOCh. 48.5 - Describe (and label on a diagram) the structures...Ch. 48.5 - Prob. 9LOCh. 48.5 - Prob. 10LOCh. 48.5 - Prob. 1CCh. 48.5 - Prob. 2CCh. 48.5 - VISUALIZE Draw a diagram showing the sequence of...Ch. 48.5 - Prob. 4CCh. 48 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 48 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 48 - Test Your Understanding 3 To compensate for fluid...Ch. 48 - The afferent arteriole delivers blood to the (a)...Ch. 48 - Which of the following does not contribute to the...Ch. 48 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 48 - Which of the following does not contribute to the...Ch. 48 - Test Your Understanding 8 Which is not true of...Ch. 48 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 48 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 48 - Arrange the following structures into an accurate...Ch. 48 - Test Your Understanding 12 VISUALIZE Label the...Ch. 48 - Prob. 13TYUCh. 48 - Prob. 14TYUCh. 48 - EVOLUTION LINK The number of protonephridia in a...Ch. 48 - Test Your Understanding 16 EVOLUTION LINK The...Ch. 48 - Test Your Understanding 17 EVOLUTION LINK Although...Ch. 48 - SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY A person with...
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- Which of the following does not contribute to the process of filtration? (a) active transport by epithelial cells lining renal tubules (b) large surface area for filtration (c) low permeability of glomerular capillaries (d) high hydrostatic blood pressure in glomerular capillaries (e) podocytesarrow_forwardDuring the maximal water diuresis, the ratio of the tubular fluid to plasma osmolarity is greater than 1.0 in which of the following? (A) The bend of the loop of Henle (B). Bowman Space (C) The collecting duct (D) The distal renal tubule (E) The proximal convoluted renal tubulearrow_forwardThe tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism responds to an increase in A) urine production by signaling for a decrease in urine production through the hormone ADH. B) glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure by signaling for afferent arterioles to constrict and increase filtration rate. C) NaCl concentration in tubular fluid by signaling for afferent arteriole constriction with 4ocal chemical messengers. D) systemic blood pressure by signaling for a decrease in heart rate through blood-borne hormones.arrow_forward
- This diagram illustrates which of the following Choose from the following: (A) secretion of hydrogen via Na+/H+ exchange ions by the proximal convoluted tubule (B) reabsorption of bicarbonate ions by intercalated cells (A) in the collecting duct (C) secretion of H+ by H+K+/ATPase pumps in the intercalated cells (A) in the collecting duct (D) A and B (E) all of the abovearrow_forwardDrugs that increase urine flow (diuretic drugs) are often employed in the treatment of hypertension (high blood pressure) or other disease states. Three physiological categories of such drugs are ones that (i) function as loop diuretics, (ii) inhibit the action of aldosterone, and (iii) block Na+ channels in the collecting ducts. Explain why each of these categories would be expected to increase Na+ excretion and urine flow.arrow_forwardA 37-year-old man has hypertension caused by aldosterone-secreting neoplasm. Which of the following is the likely effect on renal function? A) Decreased reabsorption of phosphate by distal tubule (B). Decreased secretion of H+ by collecting duct by collecting duct (C) Decreased secretion of K+ by collecting duct (D) Increased reabsorption of Na+ by the collecting duct (E) Increased reabsorption of Na+ by the proximal tubulearrow_forward
- Which of the following does not contribute to the high salt concentration in the interstitial fluid of the kidney medulla? (a) active transport of sodium from the upper part of the ascending limb (b) diffusion of salt from the ascendinglimb of the loop of Henle (c) reabsorption of salt from various regions of Bowman’s capsule (d) counterflow of fluid through the two limbs of the loop of Henle (e) diffusion of urea out of the collecting ductarrow_forward) The tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism responds to an increase in a.) A) urine production by signaling for a decrease in urine production through the hormone ADH. b.) glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure by signaling for afferent arterioles to constrict and increase filtration rate. c.) Nacl concentration in tubular fluid by signaling for afferent arteriole constriction with local chemical messengers. d.) systemic blood pressure by signaling for a decrease in heart rate through blood-borne hormones.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is false regarding the filtration that takes place in the kidneys? a) About 20% of the total plasma volume is filtered into the lumen of Bowman's capsule. b) Glomerular filtration rate (GFR): indicates how fast blood plasma is filtered through the glomeruli of the kidney c) It is primarily the systemic blood pressure that determines how much urine you produce. d) The filtrate consists of water, smaller molecules and ions that can cross the filter barrierarrow_forward
- The high osmolarity of the renal medulla is maintained by all of the following except (A) active transport of salt from the upper region of the ascending limb. (B) the spatial arrangement of juxtamedullary nephrons. (C) diffusion of urea from the collecting duct. (D) diffusion of salt from the descending limb of the loop of Henle.arrow_forwardIdentify all of the following that are functions of the kidney: (a) maintain blood pH; (b) regulate blood ion concentrations; (c) regulate blood volume and blood pressure; (d) eliminate wastes, some hormones, and certain drugs from the blood; (e) release renin; (f) release erythropoietin; and (g) stimulate the final step in calcitriol formation.arrow_forwardMatch the following: A) Has microvilli B) Where filtrate is formed C) Where filtrate becomes urine D) Responsible for passive water absorption 1. Proximal convoluted tubule. 2. Glomerulus. 3. Descending loop of Henle. Collecting duct. Proximal convoluted tubule. (Choose] Glomerulus. Where filtrate is formed Where filtrate becomes urine [Choose] Responsible for passive water absorption Choose]arrow_forward
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