Campbell Biology: Australian And New Zealand Edition + Mastering Biology With Etext
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781488687075
Author: Lisa, A. Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 48, Problem 13TYU
Summary Introduction
To explain: The distinct role of the gated ion channels in initiation of a signal and its passage along the nerve from the head of a rattlesnake till its tail and, then from that nerve to the muscle that moves the rattle.
Introduction:
Gated ion channels are necessary for the generation and propagation of impulses. The flow of ions induces many changes in the body. The gated ion channels work in response to stimuli and accordingly alters the membrane potential. The function of the gated ion channels present in the various organs is to cause conduction.
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You recently read about Justin Bieber's unfortunate run-ins with glass doors and walls. Since then, you learned about how neurons are the unique cell of the nervous system and that signals are sent via action potential along those cells. You have further learned about how signals "jump" from one neuron to the next, allowing for your nervous system to function every single day.
Explain, using language from your learning of signal transduction and the nervous system, just what Justin Bieber's neurons should have been doing to prevent his unfortunate accidents. In other words, describe how are signals received, sent, and passed along in the nervous system (a system primarily responsible for preventing people from walking into doors and walls). You may enhance your answer by comparing the effects of drug use with the inability to avoid these accidents.
*Hint: half of your response should be about neuron anatomy and action potential and the other half should be about signaling across…
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Chapter 48 Solutions
Campbell Biology: Australian And New Zealand Edition + Mastering Biology With Etext
Ch. 48.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 48.1 - Describe the basic pathway of information flow...Ch. 48.1 - WHAT IF? How might increased branching of an axon...Ch. 48.2 - Under what circumstances could ions flow through...Ch. 48.2 - WHAT IF? Suppose a cell's membrane potential...Ch. 48.2 - MAKE CONNECTiONS Review Figure 7.10, which...Ch. 48.3 - How do action potentials and graded potentials...Ch. 48.3 - In multiple sclerosis (from the Greek skleros,...Ch. 48.3 - How do both negative and positive feedback...Ch. 48.3 - WHAT IF? Suppose a mutation caused gated sodium...
Ch. 48.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 48.4 - Some pesticides inhibit acetylcholinesterase, the...Ch. 48.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 48 - How would severing an axon affect the flow of...Ch. 48 - Suppose you placed an isolated neuron in a...Ch. 48 - Prob. 48.3CRCh. 48 - Prob. 48.4CRCh. 48 - Level 1: Knowledge/Comprehension 1. What happens...Ch. 48 - Level 1: Knowledge/Comprehension 1. What happens...Ch. 48 - Where are neurotransmitter receptors located? (A)...Ch. 48 - Why are action potentials usually conducted in one...Ch. 48 - Which of the following is the most direct result...Ch. 48 - Suppose a particular neurotransmitter causes an...Ch. 48 - WHAT IF? Ouabain, a plant substance used in some...Ch. 48 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 48 - DRAW IT Suppose a researcher inserts a pair of...Ch. 48 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION An action potential is an...Ch. 48 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 48 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: ORGANIZATION In a short essay...Ch. 48 - Prob. 13TYU
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Write a Worm neuronal function assay paragraph about a worm neuronal function and find an experiment that could test why the worm may have this worm neuronal function. Such as a worm spiraling. One robust assay of worm behavior is…. “Finish the sentence” and find an experiment that could determine why the worm behavior is this way.arrow_forwardConsider the circuit from Q5 (above). We want to add another inhibitory neuron to this circuit to increase the likelihood that neuron D will have an action potential. With which cell (A, B, C or D) should our new inhibitory neuron make a synapse to make it more likely that the post - synaptic neuron will have anaction potential?The diagram below shows a simple neural circuit with three pre - synaptic cells labelled 'A', 'B' and 'C', and a post - synaptic cell labelled 'D ' (see image below). Assume neurons A and B each have outputs of +2 and neuron C has output of -1.arrow_forwardConduction velocity refers to the [a] at which an action potential travels along a neuron's axon. In invertebrates, conduction velocity can only be increased by [b]. However in vertebrates (exclusively), such as humans, conduction velocity can also be increased by [c]. This enables vertebrates to conserve [d] while still increasing conduction velocity. [a] [b] [c] [d] [Choose ] [Choose ] [Choose ] [Choose ]arrow_forward
- Please help me, idk if my answer is correct and I am trying to use this to study!!arrow_forwardNeed helparrow_forwardWhat is the difference between an action potential and a synapse? (select all that apply) The action potential moves down the axon and a synapse is between neurons. The synapse travels long distances and the action potential can only travel short distances. The action potential starts at the dendrites and the synapse starts at the ахon. The action potential is always the same and the synaptic potentials vary. the action potential involves only the postsynaptic neuron, but the synapse involves both the pre- and post-synaptic neurons.arrow_forward
- SEQUENCING: Arrange the sequence of events that happen during an action of sensory and motor systems of animals. Assign numbers, I being the first event until 6 being the last. Write your answers in your notebook. 10. receptor potential 11. action potential in sensory neuron 12. production of action response 13. receptor transduces energy of stimulus into electrical energy 14. signal transmitted to CNS 15. stimulus (such as light energy)arrow_forwardAAAAAAAAAth Fig. 3 Membrane action potential of the squid axon. The two horizontal traces are 50 millivolts apart. The resting potential in this axon was 58 millivolts. Thus the upper hori. zontal line approximately represents zero potential difference across the membrane, the lower line the resting potential (outside positive) and the action potential, starting from the resting potential, swings to 110 millivolts (outside negative). Time intervals at the bottom are 0.2 misce. 14) The figure above is reproduced from Cole & Curtis' 1940 measurement of an action potential in the squid giant axon. Assume that these experiments were done at room temperature and the squid giant axon contains the following concentrations of Na+ and K+: Na+ inside: 10 mM, outside: 100 mM K+ inside: 300 mM, outside: 10 mM Is the measured action potential peak (110 mV) what you would expect to see? Why or why not? 10arrow_forwardneed help question, come up with 1 example in the body for each of the Peripheral Nervous System Pathways. The Somatic and the Visceral Pathway. For each example you need to Identify the receptor (general like in my example below) and then each pathway name, (the afferent pathway, integrator, and efferent pathway.) Then Identify the shape of the neuron for each of the 3 pathways (afferent, integrator & efferent) HINT: Visceral division is the organ (smooth or cardiac muscle) pathway, the Somatic division is the Skeletal Muscle pathway Example Visceral Stretch receptors sense that the bladder is full Viserceral Sensory Division (VSD) sends a message to the brain (Integrator) send message to the bladder smooth muscle to urinated Viseral Motor Division (VMD) The VSD is a unipolar neuron and the Integrator & VMD is a multipolar neuron Somatic Pain receptors sense that we are touching something sharp Somatic Sensory Division (SSD) sends a message to the spinal cord…arrow_forward
- A typical intracellularly recorded nerve action potential approximates 80 mV. Why were the recorded action potentials from the earth worm so much smaller? They were recorded from much smaller axons They were recorded extracellularly They were recorded following very short durations of stimulation They were recorded following very small depolarizationsarrow_forwardWhich of the following would you NOT expect with respect to variation in neural conduction velocity? Neural conduction speed increases over developmental time as Schwann cells synthesize myelin sheaths, insulating neurons Neural conduction velocity is higher in invertebrate species with insulating sheaths functionally equivalent to vertebrate myelin Neurons and species with larger axon diameters should have greater conduction velocities Neural networks with greater serial processing (i.e., lines of connecting neurons) should have greater neural conduction velocities. The thyroid hormones (triiodothyronine and thyroxine) have a range of roles in regulating growth and metabolism. Thyroid hormones act throughout the body to regulate protein synthesis, long bone growth, and neural maturation. This represents an ______ effect of thyroid hormones. At the same time, through some unknown mechanism, application of thyroid hormones results in an immediate reduction in body temperature, which…arrow_forwardYou identify a new neuron in the fruit fly's brain and find it contains acetylcholine. 1) Based on this identification, this neuron is (a) Excitatory, (b) Inhibitory, (c) Neither excitatory nor inhibitory, or (d) Either excitatory or inhibitory 2) Briefly explain your answer above. 3) How would you figure out your answer above? Briefly describe an experiment you would do. Edit Format Tablearrow_forward
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