The Living World
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781259694042
Author: George B Johnson Professor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 4.7, Problem 3TYU
Summary Introduction
To determine: Whether the mitochondria are alive due to their descent from aerobic bacteria.
Introduction: The proteins are made of amino acids. The amino acids are of 20 types that combine in a varied manner to form proteins. The amino acids join together by peptide bonds. Proteins act as major substrates and reactants for the
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Overview of Transformation Protocol
-Prepare competent bacteria for transformation:
Treat starter E. coli bacteria with CaCl2and Competent Cell Solution (CCS). Store on ice until transformation procedure.
Competent cells are cells that are likely to take up foreign DNA and be transformed. This step increases the likelihood that the E. coli cells will take up the introduced vector and be transformed.
-Transformation procedure:
Obtain two microcentrifuge tubes containing your competent cells. Label one tube +DNA and one -DNA.
Add CaCl2 to both tubes.
Add the transformation mix containing the plasmid DNA to the tube labeled +DNA. Do not add any plasmid DNA to the -DNA tube.
Incubate both tubes on ice for 10 minutes. Then, place both tubes in a 42\deg C water bath for 45 seconds. Replace the tubes in an ice bucket for 2 minutes.
Add recovery broth to both tubes.
Incubate both tubes in a 37 C water bath for 5 minutes.
Questions:
1)What is the selectable marker in this experiment? How…
Based on your results, which suspect's DNA best matches the DNA found at the crime scene?
In oxidase test with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the cell cultures on the slide turn colorless to be
purple after tetra-methyl-p-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride (TMPD) is added. In the
reaction,
OTMPD is electron acceptor
O cytochrome c is the electron source
oxygen is terminal electron acceptor
OH2 produced is electron donor
Chapter 4 Solutions
The Living World
Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 4.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 4.1 - Prob. 3LOCh. 4.1 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 4.1 - The most important factor limiting the size of a...Ch. 4.2 - Explain why a lipid bilayer forms spontaneously.
Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 2LOCh. 4.2 - The plasma membrane is
a carbohydrate layer that...Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 4.3 - Describe the interior of a prokaryotic cell.
Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 4.4 - List those organelles unique to eukaryotic cells.
Ch. 4.4 - Eukaryotic cells are more complex than prokaryotic...Ch. 4.5 - Prob. 1LOCh. 4.5 - Within the nucleus of a cell you can find
a...Ch. 4.6 - Describe the functioning of the four principal...Ch. 4.6 - The endomembrane system within a cell includes...Ch. 4.7 - Learning Objective 4.7.1 Describe the internal...Ch. 4.7 - Prob. 2LOCh. 4.7 - Prob. 3LOCh. 4.7 - It was once thought that only the nucleus of each...Ch. 4.7 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 4.8 - Describe the protein fibers of the cytoskeleton.
Ch. 4.8 - Prob. 2LOCh. 4.8 - Prob. 4LOCh. 4.8 - Prob. 5LOCh. 4.8 - The cytoskeleton includes
microtubules made of...Ch. 4.8 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 4.8 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 4.9 - Prob. 1LOCh. 4.9 - Prob. 2LOCh. 4.9 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 4.10 - Learning Objective 4.10.1 Explain why diffusion...Ch. 4.10 - Prob. 2LOCh. 4.10 - Prob. 3LOCh. 4.10 - Prob. 4LOCh. 4.10 - Prob. 1.1TYUCh. 4.10 - Prob. 1.2TYUCh. 4.10 - Prob. 1.4TYUCh. 4.11 - Learning Objective 4.11.1 Explain why facilitated...Ch. 4.11 - When large molecules, such as food particles, need...Ch. 4.12 - Prob. 1LOCh. 4.12 - Prob. 2LOCh. 4.12 - Prob. 3LOCh. 4.12 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 4.13 - Prob. 1LOCh. 4.13 - Prob. 2LOCh. 4.13 - Prob. 3LOCh. 4.13 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 4.14 - Prob. 1LOCh. 4.14 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 4 - Prob. 1IACh. 4 - Prob. 2IACh. 4 - Prob. 3IACh. 4 - Prob. 4IA
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- You will use the following scenario to answer a group of 5 questions. You have isolated a microbe from an environmental sample. The microbe has the ability to perform a new metabolic reaction at a very low temperature, so you are excited that it could be a new species. You have shipped your samples off for sequencing and are now waiting for the results. Out of curiosity (and maybe boredom...) you decide to test your culture for the Catalase and Oxidase enzymes. Upon testing your sample for catalase, you don't see any bubbles; however, you do see a color change to purple during the Oxidase test. What results can you conclude from this? O Catalase-/ Oxidase + O Catalase +/ Oxidase + Catalase + / Oxidase- O Catalase / Oxidase - O None of the abovearrow_forwardWhich of the following is not a strength of using 16S rRNA for phylogenetic analyses? OA. It's cheap OB. It's easy to do C. It can be used to identify all the way down to the strain level OD. Both A & B OE. None of the abovearrow_forwardWhy are molecular approaches important to the field of microbial taxonomy and phylogeny? Phylogenetic inferences based on molecular approaches provide the most robust analysis of microbial evolution currently available. It allows for the collection of a large and accurate dataset from many organisms Almost no fossil record was left by microbes when compared to plants and animals All of the above None of the abovearrow_forward
- You will use the following scenario to answer a group of 5 questions. You have isolated a microbe from an environmental sample. The microbe has the ability to perform a new metabolic reaction at a very low temperature, so you are excited that it could be a new species. You have already cultured it and gone through the plate isolation procedure. Before you ship your samples off for sequencing, you want to do one final check of the A260 ratios. You get back the following ratios: A260/280 ratio is 1.89; A260/230 is 2.01. These ratios are close enough to the accepted "pure" values so they could be considered "pure" and mostly (if not completely) free of contaminants from the PCR process. True Falsearrow_forwardYou will use the following scenario to answer a group of 5 questions. You have isolated a microbe from an environmental sample. The microbe has the ability to perform a new metabolic reaction at a very low temperature, so you are excited that it could be a new species. After receiving your sequence back from the sequencing lab, you feel that you have, in fact, discovered and isolated a new species. You ask a fellow labmate about how you should proceed, and he tells you the following is the proper way to introduce a new species for recognition: Cultures have to be sent to international culture collections. Then a paper must be published describing the new organism and providing a genus and species name. You recall learning about this in your Microbiology course in college. Is this information from your colleague true or false? True Falsearrow_forwardis often a good indication of phylogenetic relatedness in phenotypes. Life-cycle patterns Cleavage patterns O Gene expression O Morphological similarityarrow_forward
- Which of the following is a weakness of using 16S rRNA for phylogenetic analyses? It can only go down to the family and genus levels It takes months to complete O Both of the above O None of the abovearrow_forwardAn unrooted tree containing ten unrelated species can become rooted by adding a descendant group related to two of the species. an unrelated outgroup. O a distantly related outgroup. O a descendant related to only one of the species.arrow_forwardWhat is the most appropriate purpose of building a phylogenetic tree? They look awesome You can use a tree to compare morphological characteristics of organisms It can be used to establish and analyze evolutionary relationships between species All of the abovearrow_forward
- Which of the following sequencing techniques can identify down to the strain level? O Multilocus sequence typing Genomic fingerprinting Whole genome sequencing OSNP analysis All of the abovearrow_forwardWhat is the "gold standard" that is currently applied to species designations in microbiology? 97% between species: 50% among whole genome 90% between species: 75% among whole genome 99% between species; 97% among whole genome 97% between species: 70% among whole genome Onone of the abovearrow_forwardYou will use the following scenario to answer a group of 5 questions. You have isolated a microbe from an environmental sample. The microbe has the ability to perform a new metabolic reaction at a very low temperature, so you are excited that it could be a new species. You have decided to send your sample off for sequencing. You need to determine which type of sequencing to use for the preliminary identification of your species. You decide that, for now, you only need to be able to identify the family and genus levels. Which type of sequencing do you think is the most appropriate? O Genomic Fingerprinting O Whole Genome Sequencing O 16S rDNA Sequencing O DNA-DNA hybridization Nextarrow_forward
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