Campbell Biology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134093413
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 46.2, Problem 2CC
What mechanisms have evolved in animals with (a) external fertilization and (b) internal fertilization that help offspring survive to adulthood?
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The cnidaria, jelly fish, are the first organisms to exhibit? a) an ectoderm layer b) endoderm layer with digestive cells that release enzymes in to a digestive structure c) ectoderm cells that specialize to become cells which react to a stimulus and produce movement d) a water-based internal environment (prebiotic ocean) between the ectoderm and the endoderm e) all are true for cnidaria
In the cnidaria the ectoderm cells are important because they can react to a stimulus (light) from the environment by exhibiting a response from their muscle cell as a directed movement. To do this ectoderm cells ....
A) Are the first specialized digestive cells B) Are neurocytes that have membrane receptors which react to light C) Are prokaryotic cells D) Form the first digestive organ E) Are the only cells with the Na+/k+ pumps
explain why
0
In Deuterostomes, nutrient molecules (monomers) are taken in to the space between the endoderm and the ectoderm because... A) The ectoderm makes protein for movement B) The endoderm cells release hydrolytic enzymes that act on polymers C) The endoderm releases enzymes that conduct dehydration synthesis of proteins D) mRNA polymerase causes hydrolysis of DNA E) All are correct
Explain why
Chapter 46 Solutions
Campbell Biology (11th Edition)
Ch. 46.1 - Compare and contrast the outcomes of asexual and...Ch. 46.1 - Parthenogenesis is the most common form of asexual...Ch. 46.1 - WHAT IF? If a hermaphrodite self-fertilizes, will...Ch. 46.1 - Prob. 4CCCh. 46.2 - How does internal fertilization facilitate life on...Ch. 46.2 - What mechanisms have evolved in animals with (a)...Ch. 46.2 - MAKE CONNECTIONS What are the shared and distinct...Ch. 46.3 - Why might frequent use of a hot tub make it harder...Ch. 46.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 46.3 - WHAT IF? If each vas deferens in a male was...
Ch. 46.4 - How are the functions of FSH and LH in females and...Ch. 46.4 - How does an estrous cycle differ from a menstrual...Ch. 46.4 - WHAT IF? If a human female begins taking...Ch. 46.4 - Prob. 4CCCh. 46.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 46.5 - In what ways are tubal ligation and vasectomy...Ch. 46.5 - Prob. 3CCCh. 46 - Would a pair of haploid offspring produced by...Ch. 46 - Identify which of the following, if any, are...Ch. 46 - How does the difference in size and cellular...Ch. 46 - Prob. 46.4CRCh. 46 - Prob. 46.5CRCh. 46 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 46 - In male mammals, excretory and reproductive...Ch. 46 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 46 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 46 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 46 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 46 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 46 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 46 - DRAW IT In human spermatogenesis, mitosis of a...Ch. 46 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 46 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY You discover a new egg-laying...Ch. 46 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: ENERGY AND MATTER In a short...Ch. 46 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE A female Komodo dragon...
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- Animals exhibiting external fertilisation produce a large number of gametes. Pick the appropriate reason from the following. (a) The animals are small in size and want to produce more offsprings. (b) Food is available in plenty in water. (c) To ensure better chance of fertilisation. (d) Water promotes production of large number of gametes.arrow_forwardAquatic animals in which fertilisation occurs in water are said to be: (a) viviparous without fertilisation. (b) oviparous with external fertilisation. (c) viviparous with internal fertilisation. (d) oviparous with internal fertilisation.arrow_forwardThe fast block to polyspermy in sea urchins (a) is a depolarization of the egg plasma membrane (b) requires exocytosis of the cortical granules (c) includes the elevation of the fertilization envelope (d) involves the hardening of the jelly coat (e) is a complete blockarrow_forward
- The evolution of the three germ layers ( ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm) in the evolution of complex animals is associated with the Annelids ( Earth worm), the mollusk (clam), and the Cordata (the vertebrates) which are examples of? A) Protostomes and Deuterostomes B) Just the protostomes C) Only the Deuterostomes D) Cnideria E) Proifera Explain whyarrow_forwardThe Mullerian ducts in female mammalian embryos develop into… a) The vas deferens b) The ovaries c) The oviduct and uterus d) The vagina e) The fimbriaarrow_forwardAt which embryonic event would one be able to first distinguish whether an embryo is diploblastic or triploblastic? A)cleavage B)metamorphosis C)fertilization D)gastrulation E)organogenesisarrow_forward
- the ectoderm of a gastrula stage vertebrate embryo, what is the major function of BMP4? a). repress nervous system development b). repress skin development c). promote nervous system development d). promote the onset of gastrulation e). More than one of the above are correct. 2. Which is an essential characteristic of neural stem cells? a) The ability to differentiate into any type of cell b) The ability to dispense with bacteria, damaged neuron, or toxic proteins in the brain c) The ability to guide neurons to their final location d) The ability to suppress the activity of the immune system e) The ability to differentiate into any cell type found in the central nervous systemarrow_forwardThe developmental pattern of C. elegans is said to be mosaic because (a) development is controlled by gradients of morphogens (b) part of the embryo fails to develop if a founder cell is destroyed (c) some individuals are selffertilizing hermaphrodites (d) all development is controlled by maternal effect genes (e) apoptosis never occursarrow_forwardFertilization: a) Briefly describe the process of fertilization in humans, b) identifying key aspects that stop sperms from different species to fertilize human oocytes, and c) identifying also key aspects that prevent polyspermy.arrow_forward
- describe internal and external fertilization, and provide examples of animals that use each of these methods of fertilization?arrow_forwardThe evolution / development of the skeletal system of the vertebrate is an example of the process of cellular specialization. This refers to the fact? a) all the ectoderm cells remain the same b) the cells derived from the endoderm to form osteocytes that secrete collagen c) the cells of the endoderm form chondrocytes that become notochord d) genes are activated or surpressed in the cells from the original mesoderm causing them to become chondrocytes and osteocytes the stem cells that sequentially produce the componets of the skeleton e) genes are not involved in this function?arrow_forwardWhat structural adaptation in chickens allows them to lay theireggs in arid environments rather than in water?(A) extraembryonic membranes(B) yolk(C) cleavage(D) gastrulationarrow_forward
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