The miscibility of aniline in water needs to be explained, if in the reduction of nitrobenzene to aniline, the product is readily isolated from the reaction mixture by steam distillation process. Concept Introduction: A solution is a mixture of solute and solvent. The solubility of solute in solvent depends on the interaction between solute and solvent. It also depends on the polarity of molecules also. As the polar and ionic compounds are soluble in polar solvents on the other hand, non-polar compounds are soluble in non-polar solvents like organic solvents. Therefore it is said to be “Like dissolves Like”.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 4.6, Problem 8E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The miscibility of aniline in water needs to be explained, if in the reduction of nitrobenzene to aniline, the product is readily isolated from the reaction mixture by steam distillation process.

Concept Introduction:A solution is a mixture of solute and solvent. The solubility of solute in solvent depends on the interaction between solute and solvent. It also depends on the polarity of molecules also. As the polar and ionic compounds are soluble in polar solvents on the other hand, non-polar compounds are soluble in non-polar solvents like organic solvents. Therefore it is said to be “Like dissolves Like”.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The approximate temperature at which aniline and water codistil in the reduction of nitrobenzene to aniline needs to be determined. Here, the product is readily isolated from the reaction mixture by the steam distillation process.

Concept Introduction:A solution is a mixture of solute and solvent. The solubility of the solute in the solvent depends on the interaction between solute and solvent. It also depends on the polarity of molecules also. As the polar and ionic compounds are soluble in polar solvents on the other hand, non-polar compounds are soluble in non-polar solvents like organic solvents. Therefore it is said to be “Like dissolves Like”.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The normal boiling point of aniline needs to be determined which is formed in the reduction of nitrobenzene to aniline.

Concept Introduction:A solution is a mixture of solute and solvent. The solubility of a solute in the solvent depends on the interaction between solute and solvent. It also depends on the polarity of molecules also. As the polar and ionic compounds are soluble in polar solvents,on the other hand, non-polar compounds are soluble in non-polar solvents like organic solvents. Therefore it is said to be “Like dissolves Like”.

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Imagine that phenol (“hydroxybenzene”) and nitrobenzene are reacted (in separate beakers) with a hot solution containing both concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid. A) Phenol reacts much more quickly than benzene, and benzene reacts much more quickly that nitrobenzene. Explain this observation, using at least one appropriate reaction coordinate diagram as part of your answer (be sure to label your reaction diagram with appropriate structures). You do not need to include any complete mechanisms, but you may wish to use portions of mechanisms as part of your discussion.

5. 1. What is the purpose of testing distilled water and laboratory ethanol in the testing of ethanol? 2. During the experiment, you recorded the vapor temperature of the samples. Does the literature B.P. of ethanol correspond to the recorded temperatures? Why or why not? 3. Based on the iodoform test, did your distillate portion contain ethanol and/or water? Explain?

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 4.6, Problem 8E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The miscibility of aniline in water needs to be explained, if in the reduction of nitrobenzene to aniline, the product is readily isolated from the reaction mixture by steam distillation process.

Concept Introduction:A solution is a mixture of solute and solvent. The solubility of solute in solvent depends on the interaction between solute and solvent. It also depends on the polarity of molecules also. As the polar and ionic compounds are soluble in polar solvents on the other hand, non-polar compounds are soluble in non-polar solvents like organic solvents. Therefore it is said to be “Like dissolves Like”.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The approximate temperature at which aniline and water codistil in the reduction of nitrobenzene to aniline needs to be determined. Here, the product is readily isolated from the reaction mixture by the steam distillation process.

Concept Introduction:A solution is a mixture of solute and solvent. The solubility of the solute in the solvent depends on the interaction between solute and solvent. It also depends on the polarity of molecules also. As the polar and ionic compounds are soluble in polar solvents on the other hand, non-polar compounds are soluble in non-polar solvents like organic solvents. Therefore it is said to be “Like dissolves Like”.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The normal boiling point of aniline needs to be determined which is formed in the reduction of nitrobenzene to aniline.

Concept Introduction:A solution is a mixture of solute and solvent. The solubility of a solute in the solvent depends on the interaction between solute and solvent. It also depends on the polarity of molecules also. As the polar and ionic compounds are soluble in polar solvents,on the other hand, non-polar compounds are soluble in non-polar solvents like organic solvents. Therefore it is said to be “Like dissolves Like”.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 4.6, Problem 8E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The miscibility of aniline in water needs to be explained, if in the reduction of nitrobenzene to aniline, the product is readily isolated from the reaction mixture by steam distillation process.

Concept Introduction:A solution is a mixture of solute and solvent. The solubility of solute in solvent depends on the interaction between solute and solvent. It also depends on the polarity of molecules also. As the polar and ionic compounds are soluble in polar solvents on the other hand, non-polar compounds are soluble in non-polar solvents like organic solvents. Therefore it is said to be “Like dissolves Like”.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The approximate temperature at which aniline and water codistil in the reduction of nitrobenzene to aniline needs to be determined. Here, the product is readily isolated from the reaction mixture by the steam distillation process.

Concept Introduction:A solution is a mixture of solute and solvent. The solubility of the solute in the solvent depends on the interaction between solute and solvent. It also depends on the polarity of molecules also. As the polar and ionic compounds are soluble in polar solvents on the other hand, non-polar compounds are soluble in non-polar solvents like organic solvents. Therefore it is said to be “Like dissolves Like”.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The normal boiling point of aniline needs to be determined which is formed in the reduction of nitrobenzene to aniline.

Concept Introduction:A solution is a mixture of solute and solvent. The solubility of a solute in the solvent depends on the interaction between solute and solvent. It also depends on the polarity of molecules also. As the polar and ionic compounds are soluble in polar solvents,on the other hand, non-polar compounds are soluble in non-polar solvents like organic solvents. Therefore it is said to be “Like dissolves Like”.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 4.6, Problem 8E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The miscibility of aniline in water needs to be explained, if in the reduction of nitrobenzene to aniline, the product is readily isolated from the reaction mixture by steam distillation process.

Concept Introduction:A solution is a mixture of solute and solvent. The solubility of solute in solvent depends on the interaction between solute and solvent. It also depends on the polarity of molecules also. As the polar and ionic compounds are soluble in polar solvents on the other hand, non-polar compounds are soluble in non-polar solvents like organic solvents. Therefore it is said to be “Like dissolves Like”.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The approximate temperature at which aniline and water codistil in the reduction of nitrobenzene to aniline needs to be determined. Here, the product is readily isolated from the reaction mixture by the steam distillation process.

Concept Introduction:A solution is a mixture of solute and solvent. The solubility of the solute in the solvent depends on the interaction between solute and solvent. It also depends on the polarity of molecules also. As the polar and ionic compounds are soluble in polar solvents on the other hand, non-polar compounds are soluble in non-polar solvents like organic solvents. Therefore it is said to be “Like dissolves Like”.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The normal boiling point of aniline needs to be determined which is formed in the reduction of nitrobenzene to aniline.

Concept Introduction:A solution is a mixture of solute and solvent. The solubility of a solute in the solvent depends on the interaction between solute and solvent. It also depends on the polarity of molecules also. As the polar and ionic compounds are soluble in polar solvents,on the other hand, non-polar compounds are soluble in non-polar solvents like organic solvents. Therefore it is said to be “Like dissolves Like”.

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Answer 5

Chapter 4.6, Problem 8E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The miscibility of aniline in water needs to be explained, if in the reduction of nitrobenzene to aniline, the product is readily isolated from the reaction mixture by steam distillation process.

Concept Introduction:A solution is a mixture of solute and solvent. The solubility of solute in solvent depends on the interaction between solute and solvent. It also depends on the polarity of molecules also. As the polar and ionic compounds are soluble in polar solvents on the other hand, non-polar compounds are soluble in non-polar solvents like organic solvents. Therefore it is said to be “Like dissolves Like”.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The approximate temperature at which aniline and water codistil in the reduction of nitrobenzene to aniline needs to be determined. Here, the product is readily isolated from the reaction mixture by the steam distillation process.

Concept Introduction:A solution is a mixture of solute and solvent. The solubility of the solute in the solvent depends on the interaction between solute and solvent. It also depends on the polarity of molecules also. As the polar and ionic compounds are soluble in polar solvents on the other hand, non-polar compounds are soluble in non-polar solvents like organic solvents. Therefore it is said to be “Like dissolves Like”.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The normal boiling point of aniline needs to be determined which is formed in the reduction of nitrobenzene to aniline.

Concept Introduction:A solution is a mixture of solute and solvent. The solubility of a solute in the solvent depends on the interaction between solute and solvent. It also depends on the polarity of molecules also. As the polar and ionic compounds are soluble in polar solvents,on the other hand, non-polar compounds are soluble in non-polar solvents like organic solvents. Therefore it is said to be “Like dissolves Like”.

Answer 6

Chapter 4.6, Problem 8E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The miscibility of aniline in water needs to be explained, if in the reduction of nitrobenzene to aniline, the product is readily isolated from the reaction mixture by steam distillation process.

Concept Introduction:A solution is a mixture of solute and solvent. The solubility of solute in solvent depends on the interaction between solute and solvent. It also depends on the polarity of molecules also. As the polar and ionic compounds are soluble in polar solvents on the other hand, non-polar compounds are soluble in non-polar solvents like organic solvents. Therefore it is said to be “Like dissolves Like”.

Answer 7

Chapter 4.6, Problem 8E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The miscibility of aniline in water needs to be explained, if in the reduction of nitrobenzene to aniline, the product is readily isolated from the reaction mixture by steam distillation process.

Concept Introduction:A solution is a mixture of solute and solvent. The solubility of solute in solvent depends on the interaction between solute and solvent. It also depends on the polarity of molecules also. As the polar and ionic compounds are soluble in polar solvents on the other hand, non-polar compounds are soluble in non-polar solvents like organic solvents. Therefore it is said to be “Like dissolves Like”.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The approximate temperature at which aniline and water codistil in the reduction of nitrobenzene to aniline needs to be determined. Here, the product is readily isolated from the reaction mixture by the steam distillation process.

Concept Introduction:A solution is a mixture of solute and solvent. The solubility of the solute in the solvent depends on the interaction between solute and solvent. It also depends on the polarity of molecules also. As the polar and ionic compounds are soluble in polar solvents on the other hand, non-polar compounds are soluble in non-polar solvents like organic solvents. Therefore it is said to be “Like dissolves Like”.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The approximate temperature at which aniline and water codistil in the reduction of nitrobenzene to aniline needs to be determined. Here, the product is readily isolated from the reaction mixture by the steam distillation process.

Concept Introduction:A solution is a mixture of solute and solvent. The solubility of the solute in the solvent depends on the interaction between solute and solvent. It also depends on the polarity of molecules also. As the polar and ionic compounds are soluble in polar solvents on the other hand, non-polar compounds are soluble in non-polar solvents like organic solvents. Therefore it is said to be “Like dissolves Like”.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The normal boiling point of aniline needs to be determined which is formed in the reduction of nitrobenzene to aniline.

Concept Introduction:A solution is a mixture of solute and solvent. The solubility of a solute in the solvent depends on the interaction between solute and solvent. It also depends on the polarity of molecules also. As the polar and ionic compounds are soluble in polar solvents,on the other hand, non-polar compounds are soluble in non-polar solvents like organic solvents. Therefore it is said to be “Like dissolves Like”.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The normal boiling point of aniline needs to be determined which is formed in the reduction of nitrobenzene to aniline.

Concept Introduction:A solution is a mixture of solute and solvent. The solubility of a solute in the solvent depends on the interaction between solute and solvent. It also depends on the polarity of molecules also. As the polar and ionic compounds are soluble in polar solvents,on the other hand, non-polar compounds are soluble in non-polar solvents like organic solvents. Therefore it is said to be “Like dissolves Like”.

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 1E Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 2E Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 3E Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 4E Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 5E Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 6E Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 7E Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 8E Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 9E Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 1E

Solution Summary: The author explains the miscibility of aniline in water by describing steam distillation as a separation method of isolation of volatile substances.

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Chapter 4 Solutions