Chapter 4.6, Problem 4.16CP

Program Plan Intro

Logical operator:

Logical operators are used to validate an expression and return the Boolean values as “true” or “false”. Some of the logical operators are as follows:

• Logical “and” operator
• Logical “or” operator
• The “not” operator

Logical “and” Operator:

Logical operator combines the results of one or more conditions.

• The logical “and” is used to evaluate two expressions in order to obtain a single relational result.
• It returns the Boolean value “True”, when both the operands are true, otherwise it returns “False”.
• The first operand is evaluated first and all the side effects are completed before evaluating the logical “and” expression.
• The second operand is evaluated only if the first operand is “True”.

Syntax for “and” operator:

The syntax for “and” operator is given below:

expression1 and expression2

Logical “or” Operator:

Logical operator combines the results of one or more conditions.

• The logical “or” is used to evaluate two expressions in order to obtain a single relational result.
• It returns the Boolean value “True” when one of the operands is “True”. It returns “false” only if both the operands are “false”.
• The first operand is evaluated and all the effects are completed before it continues to evaluate the logical “or” expression.
• The second operand is evaluated only if the first operands return “false”.

Syntax for “or” operator:

The syntax for “or” operator is given below:

expression1 or expression2

Logical “not” Operator:

The logical “not” operator is the unary operator that takes an operand and reverse its logical value.

Syntax for “not” operator:

!expression1