The cause of infection and the possible mechanism for spread of the infection in school-age children during winter months. Introduction: The normal skin flora is beneficial to the skin as they help in protecting the human host against various other more dangerous types of pathogenic organisms. They also compete with the pathogenic organisms for nutrients and space, which results in the interference in the growth of pathogens and so help to protect the host.

Question

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Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Organism that lives in the body of another organism and obtains food at the expense of the host. A parasite can directly or indirect harm the host. There are two kinds of parasites: internal and external. An internal parasite lives inside another organism and is known as an endoparasite. An external parasite lives on the body surface of the host and is known as an ectoparasite. Protozoa and helminths are examples of major human parasites.

Chapter 46, Problem 1RE

A.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The cause of infection and the possible mechanism for spread of the infection in school-age children during winter months.

Introduction: The normal skin flora is beneficial to the skin as they help in protecting the human host against various other more dangerous types of pathogenic organisms. They also compete with the pathogenic organisms for nutrients and space, which results in the interference in the growth of pathogens and so help to protect the host.

A.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Tinea capititis, ringworm of scalp that is a fungal infection that presents with circular marks on the scalp that is often with flat centers and raised borders.Tinea capititis is caused by fungal infection that thrives on dead tissue like fingernails, hair and outer layers of skin. They spread easily among children as it is spread from touching the skin of infected person or by sharing combs, bedding and other objects used by infected person.

Housepets can also spread ringworm. It is easily spread during winter because of the use of woolen caps during long winter months, reduced frequency of washing hair, using damp clothes and caps that can provide favorable conditions for fungi to grow and flourish.

B.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The explanation of preference of superficial mycoses for skin covered areas of the body.

Introduction: Skin infections are the diseases that take place on the epidermal layer or can penetrate deep into the dermis of the skin. It can range from a common infection caused by bacteria, fungi or parasites to serious chronic illnesses like infected eczema, fascitis or leprosy.

B.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Superficial mycoses, the fungal disease is restricted to the outer layers of the skin like nails, hair, and rarely invades the deeper layers of the skin or viscera and so does not induces any cellular response from the host. The fungus mainly invades the upper layers of the skin in order to derive nutrition and oxygen from the surrounding. The fungal pathogen cannot take oxygen from blood; therefore they are confined only to the region that has direct supply of atmospheric oxygen.

C.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The common methods used for diagnosis of superficial fungal infections.

Introduction: The pathogens are the disease-causing microbes. They can be present in soil, air or water and thus, are easily contracted by the human body. Such microorganisms have special proteins or virulence factors that infer pathogenicity to such organisms. Some examples of pathogenic microorganisms are Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Mycobacterium and many more.

C.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

In order to diagnose infection from Tinea capititis, the scalp is examined under wooden lamp. If the fluorescent infected hairs are present, then hairs are taken from the scalp and performed microscopic examination and culture. The infections caused by microscopic species fluorescence a green color.

For diagnosis of Tinea capititis, the two methods are used that are clinical appearance and by potassium hydroxide. Potassium hydroxide wet mount of removed hair from scalp or skin removed from scraping is used for clinical identification. Spore size and appearance inside, endothrix or outside, ectothrix of the hair shaft can help to distinguish organisms and can help guide treatment.

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Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Organism that lives in the body of another organism and obtains food at the expense of the host. A parasite can directly or indirect harm the host. There are two kinds of parasites: internal and external. An internal parasite lives inside another organism and is known as an endoparasite. An external parasite lives on the body surface of the host and is known as an ectoparasite. Protozoa and helminths are examples of major human parasites.

Chapter 46, Problem 1RE

A.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The cause of infection and the possible mechanism for spread of the infection in school-age children during winter months.

Introduction: The normal skin flora is beneficial to the skin as they help in protecting the human host against various other more dangerous types of pathogenic organisms. They also compete with the pathogenic organisms for nutrients and space, which results in the interference in the growth of pathogens and so help to protect the host.

A.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Tinea capititis, ringworm of scalp that is a fungal infection that presents with circular marks on the scalp that is often with flat centers and raised borders.Tinea capititis is caused by fungal infection that thrives on dead tissue like fingernails, hair and outer layers of skin. They spread easily among children as it is spread from touching the skin of infected person or by sharing combs, bedding and other objects used by infected person.

Housepets can also spread ringworm. It is easily spread during winter because of the use of woolen caps during long winter months, reduced frequency of washing hair, using damp clothes and caps that can provide favorable conditions for fungi to grow and flourish.

B.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The explanation of preference of superficial mycoses for skin covered areas of the body.

Introduction: Skin infections are the diseases that take place on the epidermal layer or can penetrate deep into the dermis of the skin. It can range from a common infection caused by bacteria, fungi or parasites to serious chronic illnesses like infected eczema, fascitis or leprosy.

B.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Superficial mycoses, the fungal disease is restricted to the outer layers of the skin like nails, hair, and rarely invades the deeper layers of the skin or viscera and so does not induces any cellular response from the host. The fungus mainly invades the upper layers of the skin in order to derive nutrition and oxygen from the surrounding. The fungal pathogen cannot take oxygen from blood; therefore they are confined only to the region that has direct supply of atmospheric oxygen.

C.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The common methods used for diagnosis of superficial fungal infections.

Introduction: The pathogens are the disease-causing microbes. They can be present in soil, air or water and thus, are easily contracted by the human body. Such microorganisms have special proteins or virulence factors that infer pathogenicity to such organisms. Some examples of pathogenic microorganisms are Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Mycobacterium and many more.

C.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

In order to diagnose infection from Tinea capititis, the scalp is examined under wooden lamp. If the fluorescent infected hairs are present, then hairs are taken from the scalp and performed microscopic examination and culture. The infections caused by microscopic species fluorescence a green color.

For diagnosis of Tinea capititis, the two methods are used that are clinical appearance and by potassium hydroxide. Potassium hydroxide wet mount of removed hair from scalp or skin removed from scraping is used for clinical identification. Spore size and appearance inside, endothrix or outside, ectothrix of the hair shaft can help to distinguish organisms and can help guide treatment.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organism that lives in the body of another organism and obtains food at the expense of the host. A parasite can directly or indirect harm the host. There are two kinds of parasites: internal and external. An internal parasite lives inside another organism and is known as an endoparasite. An external parasite lives on the body surface of the host and is known as an ectoparasite. Protozoa and helminths are examples of major human parasites.

Chapter 46, Problem 1RE

A.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The cause of infection and the possible mechanism for spread of the infection in school-age children during winter months.

Introduction: The normal skin flora is beneficial to the skin as they help in protecting the human host against various other more dangerous types of pathogenic organisms. They also compete with the pathogenic organisms for nutrients and space, which results in the interference in the growth of pathogens and so help to protect the host.

A.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Tinea capititis, ringworm of scalp that is a fungal infection that presents with circular marks on the scalp that is often with flat centers and raised borders.Tinea capititis is caused by fungal infection that thrives on dead tissue like fingernails, hair and outer layers of skin. They spread easily among children as it is spread from touching the skin of infected person or by sharing combs, bedding and other objects used by infected person.

Housepets can also spread ringworm. It is easily spread during winter because of the use of woolen caps during long winter months, reduced frequency of washing hair, using damp clothes and caps that can provide favorable conditions for fungi to grow and flourish.

B.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The explanation of preference of superficial mycoses for skin covered areas of the body.

Introduction: Skin infections are the diseases that take place on the epidermal layer or can penetrate deep into the dermis of the skin. It can range from a common infection caused by bacteria, fungi or parasites to serious chronic illnesses like infected eczema, fascitis or leprosy.

B.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Superficial mycoses, the fungal disease is restricted to the outer layers of the skin like nails, hair, and rarely invades the deeper layers of the skin or viscera and so does not induces any cellular response from the host. The fungus mainly invades the upper layers of the skin in order to derive nutrition and oxygen from the surrounding. The fungal pathogen cannot take oxygen from blood; therefore they are confined only to the region that has direct supply of atmospheric oxygen.

C.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The common methods used for diagnosis of superficial fungal infections.

Introduction: The pathogens are the disease-causing microbes. They can be present in soil, air or water and thus, are easily contracted by the human body. Such microorganisms have special proteins or virulence factors that infer pathogenicity to such organisms. Some examples of pathogenic microorganisms are Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Mycobacterium and many more.

C.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

In order to diagnose infection from Tinea capititis, the scalp is examined under wooden lamp. If the fluorescent infected hairs are present, then hairs are taken from the scalp and performed microscopic examination and culture. The infections caused by microscopic species fluorescence a green color.

For diagnosis of Tinea capititis, the two methods are used that are clinical appearance and by potassium hydroxide. Potassium hydroxide wet mount of removed hair from scalp or skin removed from scraping is used for clinical identification. Spore size and appearance inside, endothrix or outside, ectothrix of the hair shaft can help to distinguish organisms and can help guide treatment.

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Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organism that lives in the body of another organism and obtains food at the expense of the host. A parasite can directly or indirect harm the host. There are two kinds of parasites: internal and external. An internal parasite lives inside another organism and is known as an endoparasite. An external parasite lives on the body surface of the host and is known as an ectoparasite. Protozoa and helminths are examples of major human parasites.

Chapter 46, Problem 1RE

A.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The cause of infection and the possible mechanism for spread of the infection in school-age children during winter months.

Introduction: The normal skin flora is beneficial to the skin as they help in protecting the human host against various other more dangerous types of pathogenic organisms. They also compete with the pathogenic organisms for nutrients and space, which results in the interference in the growth of pathogens and so help to protect the host.

A.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Tinea capititis, ringworm of scalp that is a fungal infection that presents with circular marks on the scalp that is often with flat centers and raised borders.Tinea capititis is caused by fungal infection that thrives on dead tissue like fingernails, hair and outer layers of skin. They spread easily among children as it is spread from touching the skin of infected person or by sharing combs, bedding and other objects used by infected person.

Housepets can also spread ringworm. It is easily spread during winter because of the use of woolen caps during long winter months, reduced frequency of washing hair, using damp clothes and caps that can provide favorable conditions for fungi to grow and flourish.

B.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The explanation of preference of superficial mycoses for skin covered areas of the body.

Introduction: Skin infections are the diseases that take place on the epidermal layer or can penetrate deep into the dermis of the skin. It can range from a common infection caused by bacteria, fungi or parasites to serious chronic illnesses like infected eczema, fascitis or leprosy.

B.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Superficial mycoses, the fungal disease is restricted to the outer layers of the skin like nails, hair, and rarely invades the deeper layers of the skin or viscera and so does not induces any cellular response from the host. The fungus mainly invades the upper layers of the skin in order to derive nutrition and oxygen from the surrounding. The fungal pathogen cannot take oxygen from blood; therefore they are confined only to the region that has direct supply of atmospheric oxygen.

C.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The common methods used for diagnosis of superficial fungal infections.

Introduction: The pathogens are the disease-causing microbes. They can be present in soil, air or water and thus, are easily contracted by the human body. Such microorganisms have special proteins or virulence factors that infer pathogenicity to such organisms. Some examples of pathogenic microorganisms are Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Mycobacterium and many more.

C.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

In order to diagnose infection from Tinea capititis, the scalp is examined under wooden lamp. If the fluorescent infected hairs are present, then hairs are taken from the scalp and performed microscopic examination and culture. The infections caused by microscopic species fluorescence a green color.

For diagnosis of Tinea capititis, the two methods are used that are clinical appearance and by potassium hydroxide. Potassium hydroxide wet mount of removed hair from scalp or skin removed from scraping is used for clinical identification. Spore size and appearance inside, endothrix or outside, ectothrix of the hair shaft can help to distinguish organisms and can help guide treatment.

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Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 5

Chapter 46, Problem 1RE

A.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The cause of infection and the possible mechanism for spread of the infection in school-age children during winter months.

Introduction: The normal skin flora is beneficial to the skin as they help in protecting the human host against various other more dangerous types of pathogenic organisms. They also compete with the pathogenic organisms for nutrients and space, which results in the interference in the growth of pathogens and so help to protect the host.

A.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Tinea capititis, ringworm of scalp that is a fungal infection that presents with circular marks on the scalp that is often with flat centers and raised borders.Tinea capititis is caused by fungal infection that thrives on dead tissue like fingernails, hair and outer layers of skin. They spread easily among children as it is spread from touching the skin of infected person or by sharing combs, bedding and other objects used by infected person.

Housepets can also spread ringworm. It is easily spread during winter because of the use of woolen caps during long winter months, reduced frequency of washing hair, using damp clothes and caps that can provide favorable conditions for fungi to grow and flourish.

B.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The explanation of preference of superficial mycoses for skin covered areas of the body.

Introduction: Skin infections are the diseases that take place on the epidermal layer or can penetrate deep into the dermis of the skin. It can range from a common infection caused by bacteria, fungi or parasites to serious chronic illnesses like infected eczema, fascitis or leprosy.

B.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Superficial mycoses, the fungal disease is restricted to the outer layers of the skin like nails, hair, and rarely invades the deeper layers of the skin or viscera and so does not induces any cellular response from the host. The fungus mainly invades the upper layers of the skin in order to derive nutrition and oxygen from the surrounding. The fungal pathogen cannot take oxygen from blood; therefore they are confined only to the region that has direct supply of atmospheric oxygen.

C.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The common methods used for diagnosis of superficial fungal infections.

Introduction: The pathogens are the disease-causing microbes. They can be present in soil, air or water and thus, are easily contracted by the human body. Such microorganisms have special proteins or virulence factors that infer pathogenicity to such organisms. Some examples of pathogenic microorganisms are Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Mycobacterium and many more.

C.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

In order to diagnose infection from Tinea capititis, the scalp is examined under wooden lamp. If the fluorescent infected hairs are present, then hairs are taken from the scalp and performed microscopic examination and culture. The infections caused by microscopic species fluorescence a green color.

For diagnosis of Tinea capititis, the two methods are used that are clinical appearance and by potassium hydroxide. Potassium hydroxide wet mount of removed hair from scalp or skin removed from scraping is used for clinical identification. Spore size and appearance inside, endothrix or outside, ectothrix of the hair shaft can help to distinguish organisms and can help guide treatment.

Answer 6

Chapter 46, Problem 1RE

A.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The cause of infection and the possible mechanism for spread of the infection in school-age children during winter months.

Introduction: The normal skin flora is beneficial to the skin as they help in protecting the human host against various other more dangerous types of pathogenic organisms. They also compete with the pathogenic organisms for nutrients and space, which results in the interference in the growth of pathogens and so help to protect the host.

A.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Tinea capititis, ringworm of scalp that is a fungal infection that presents with circular marks on the scalp that is often with flat centers and raised borders.Tinea capititis is caused by fungal infection that thrives on dead tissue like fingernails, hair and outer layers of skin. They spread easily among children as it is spread from touching the skin of infected person or by sharing combs, bedding and other objects used by infected person.

Housepets can also spread ringworm. It is easily spread during winter because of the use of woolen caps during long winter months, reduced frequency of washing hair, using damp clothes and caps that can provide favorable conditions for fungi to grow and flourish.

Answer 7

Chapter 46, Problem 1RE

A.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The cause of infection and the possible mechanism for spread of the infection in school-age children during winter months.

Introduction: The normal skin flora is beneficial to the skin as they help in protecting the human host against various other more dangerous types of pathogenic organisms. They also compete with the pathogenic organisms for nutrients and space, which results in the interference in the growth of pathogens and so help to protect the host.

Answer 8

A.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Tinea capititis, ringworm of scalp that is a fungal infection that presents with circular marks on the scalp that is often with flat centers and raised borders.Tinea capititis is caused by fungal infection that thrives on dead tissue like fingernails, hair and outer layers of skin. They spread easily among children as it is spread from touching the skin of infected person or by sharing combs, bedding and other objects used by infected person.

Housepets can also spread ringworm. It is easily spread during winter because of the use of woolen caps during long winter months, reduced frequency of washing hair, using damp clothes and caps that can provide favorable conditions for fungi to grow and flourish.

Answer 9

A.

Expert Solution

Answer 10

A.

Expert Solution

Answer 11

Expert Solution

Answer 12

B.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The explanation of preference of superficial mycoses for skin covered areas of the body.

Introduction: Skin infections are the diseases that take place on the epidermal layer or can penetrate deep into the dermis of the skin. It can range from a common infection caused by bacteria, fungi or parasites to serious chronic illnesses like infected eczema, fascitis or leprosy.

B.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Superficial mycoses, the fungal disease is restricted to the outer layers of the skin like nails, hair, and rarely invades the deeper layers of the skin or viscera and so does not induces any cellular response from the host. The fungus mainly invades the upper layers of the skin in order to derive nutrition and oxygen from the surrounding. The fungal pathogen cannot take oxygen from blood; therefore they are confined only to the region that has direct supply of atmospheric oxygen.

Answer 13

B.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The explanation of preference of superficial mycoses for skin covered areas of the body.

Introduction: Skin infections are the diseases that take place on the epidermal layer or can penetrate deep into the dermis of the skin. It can range from a common infection caused by bacteria, fungi or parasites to serious chronic illnesses like infected eczema, fascitis or leprosy.

Answer 14

B.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Superficial mycoses, the fungal disease is restricted to the outer layers of the skin like nails, hair, and rarely invades the deeper layers of the skin or viscera and so does not induces any cellular response from the host. The fungus mainly invades the upper layers of the skin in order to derive nutrition and oxygen from the surrounding. The fungal pathogen cannot take oxygen from blood; therefore they are confined only to the region that has direct supply of atmospheric oxygen.

Answer 15

B.

Expert Solution

Answer 16

B.

Expert Solution

Answer 17

Expert Solution

Answer 18

C.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The common methods used for diagnosis of superficial fungal infections.

Introduction: The pathogens are the disease-causing microbes. They can be present in soil, air or water and thus, are easily contracted by the human body. Such microorganisms have special proteins or virulence factors that infer pathogenicity to such organisms. Some examples of pathogenic microorganisms are Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Mycobacterium and many more.

C.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

In order to diagnose infection from Tinea capititis, the scalp is examined under wooden lamp. If the fluorescent infected hairs are present, then hairs are taken from the scalp and performed microscopic examination and culture. The infections caused by microscopic species fluorescence a green color.

For diagnosis of Tinea capititis, the two methods are used that are clinical appearance and by potassium hydroxide. Potassium hydroxide wet mount of removed hair from scalp or skin removed from scraping is used for clinical identification. Spore size and appearance inside, endothrix or outside, ectothrix of the hair shaft can help to distinguish organisms and can help guide treatment.

Answer 19

C.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The common methods used for diagnosis of superficial fungal infections.

Introduction: The pathogens are the disease-causing microbes. They can be present in soil, air or water and thus, are easily contracted by the human body. Such microorganisms have special proteins or virulence factors that infer pathogenicity to such organisms. Some examples of pathogenic microorganisms are Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Mycobacterium and many more.

Answer 20

C.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

In order to diagnose infection from Tinea capititis, the scalp is examined under wooden lamp. If the fluorescent infected hairs are present, then hairs are taken from the scalp and performed microscopic examination and culture. The infections caused by microscopic species fluorescence a green color.

For diagnosis of Tinea capititis, the two methods are used that are clinical appearance and by potassium hydroxide. Potassium hydroxide wet mount of removed hair from scalp or skin removed from scraping is used for clinical identification. Spore size and appearance inside, endothrix or outside, ectothrix of the hair shaft can help to distinguish organisms and can help guide treatment.