Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 45, Problem 4TYU
Summary Introduction
Introduction: A complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work collectively for the protection of the body and fight against pathogens or foreign substances is known as immune system. Immune system is made up of several components such as immune cells, tissues, organs, and chemical mediators that destroy and eliminate foreign substances from the body.
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Immunosuppression is a lowering of the responsiveness ofthe immune system to materials it recognizes as foreign and isproduced by _________and_________ .(a) antibodies and foreign antigens(b) NK cells and allergen desensitizers(c) radiation and cytotoxic drugs(d) hypersensitivity and transplant rejection(e) a and d
Human immune system
a) Pathogen-associated molecular patterns are conserved molecular structures produced by microorganisms, but not by host cells.
b) A virus-infected host cell that displays a viral antigen via MHC class I molecules may become a target of cytotoxic T cells.
c) Secreted MHC Class I proteins present in blood plasma can function as opsonins.
d) Both (a) and (b) are correct and (c) is incorrect
e) Statements (a), (b) and (c) are all correct
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Chapter 45 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 45.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 45.1 - Compare, in general terms, the immune responses...Ch. 45.1 - Prob. 1CCh. 45.1 - In general, how are vertebrate immune responses...Ch. 45.2 - Describe innate immune responses, including...Ch. 45.2 - Prob. 1CCh. 45.2 - Prob. 2CCh. 45.2 - Prob. 3CCh. 45.2 - VISUALIZE Draw a diagram illustrating the main...Ch. 45.3 - Prob. 4LO
Ch. 45.3 - Prob. 5LOCh. 45.3 - How are cell-mediated immunity and...Ch. 45.3 - Prob. 2CCh. 45.3 - Prob. 3CCh. 45.4 - Describe the sequence of events in cell-mediated...Ch. 45.4 - Prob. 1CCh. 45.5 - Summarize the sequence of events in...Ch. 45.5 - Prob. 8LOCh. 45.5 - Prob. 9LOCh. 45.5 - Prob. 10LOCh. 45.5 - Prob. 1CCh. 45.5 - Prob. 2CCh. 45.5 - Prob. 3CCh. 45.5 - Prob. 4CCh. 45.6 - Prob. 11LOCh. 45.6 - Describe examples of hypersensitivity, including...Ch. 45.6 - Prob. 1CCh. 45.6 - Prob. 2CCh. 45.6 - Prob. 3CCh. 45.6 - Prob. 4CCh. 45.6 - What is the immunological basis for graft...Ch. 45 - Innate immune responses include all but (a)...Ch. 45 - Cytokines (a) are regulatory Toll-like receptors...Ch. 45 - Which of the following is not an action of...Ch. 45 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 45 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 45 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 45 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 45 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 45 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 45 - Which sequence most accurately describes...Ch. 45 - VISUALIZE Label the following diagram and explain...Ch. 45 - Specificity, diversity, and memory are key...Ch. 45 - Prob. 13TYUCh. 45 - PREDICT A playmate in kindergarten exposes John...Ch. 45 - Prob. 15TYUCh. 45 - Prob. 16TYU
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- Vaccination increases the number of(A) different receptors that recognize a pathogen.(B) lymphocytes with receptors that can bind to the pathogen.(C) epitopes that the immune system can recognize.(D) MHC molecules that can present an antigenarrow_forwardWhich of the following should be the same inidentical twins?(A) the set of antibodies produced(B) the set of MHC molecules produced(C) the set of T cell antigen receptors produced(D) the set of immune cells eliminated as self-reactivearrow_forwardThe major histocompatibility complex (MHC) (a) consists of Y-shaped molecules (b) encodes certain antibodies (c) encodes Toll-like receptors (d) inhibits complement release from macrophages (e) encodes a group ofcell-surface proteins.arrow_forward
- Give a function for each of the following: (a) cytotoxic T cells (b) helper T cells(c) regulatory T cells (d) plasma cells (e) NK cells (f) interferons (g) T cells (h) B cells (i) interleukins.arrow_forwardWhich of the following immune cells/molecules are most ef-fective at destroying intracellular pathogens?(a) TH cells (d) B cells(b) Antibodies (e) Complement(c) TC cellsarrow_forwardT cells and B cells can be activated only by, (a) pathogenic microorganisms.(b) interleukins, interferons, and colony-stimulating factors. (c) cells infected with viruses, bacterial cells, or cancer cells. (d) exposure to a specific antigen bound to a MHC protein on a plasma membrane.arrow_forward
- Interferons are: (a) Cytokine barriers (b) Physical barriers (c) Cellular barriers (d) Physiological barriersarrow_forwardAn antigen that overstimulates the immune system bybonding nonspecifically to MHC on antigen-presenting cells istermed a:(a) Nonspecific antigen (d) Toxic shock syndrome(b) Superantigen (e) Super necrotic(c) Epitopearrow_forwardImmune system of humans a) Secreted B cell receptors can function as opsonins. b) MHC class II molecules can be found on the surface of nearly every cell of the body. c) The membrane attack complex (MAC) is used by natural killer cells to eliminate virus infected host cells. d) Both (a) and (b) are correct and (c) is incorrect e) Statements (a), (b) and (c) are all correctarrow_forward
- The brain can sense cytokines released by peripheral immune cells through the following means EXCEPT a.) Cytokines being transported across the blood-brain barrier b.) Cytokines crossing intact blood-brain barrier by diffusion c.) Cytokines circumventing blood-brain barrier at circumventricular organs d.) Cytokines activating general visceral sensory nervesarrow_forwardImmunoglobulin A (a) recognizes pathogen-associated molecular patterns (b) binds with NK cells (c) prevents pathogens from attaching to epithelial surfaces (d) is found mainly on dendritic cell surfaces (e) is found mainly on T-cell surfacesarrow_forward1. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) Provide the word that best fits the definition for each part below. A protein on the surface of macrophages and other immune cells that recognizes and binds the constant regions of antibodies in antibody-antigen complexes. The portion of an antigen that is recognized by a particular antibody. An antibody that is produced by a hybridoma, a hybrid between a normal B cell and a B cell tumor. A pharmaceutical product that is produced from living organisms or contains components of living organisms. Description of a monoclonal antibody that has been engineered to have the original murine variable regions of the heavy and light chains coupled with human constant regions of the heavy and light chains. A generic form of a biologic drug. It is not identical in structure but identical in function, side effects, and toxicity. A new cancer therapy in which the tail end of an anti-cancer antibody is replaced by a T cell. Binding of the antibody to the tumor can…arrow_forward
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