CAMPBELL BIOLOGY,VOL.II >CUSTOM<
17th Edition
ISBN: 9781323803677
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 44.1, Problem 1CC
The movement of salt from the surrounding water to the blood of a freshwater fish requires the expenditure of energy in the form of ATP. Why?
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A fish swims from a body of cool water into a body of warm water. As its body temperature rises, its rate of O2 consumption increases. The warm water, however is likely to have a lower concentration of dissolved O2 than the cool water because the solubility of O2 in water decreases as temperature increases. These two factors taken together, an increase in the fish's rate of O2 consumption and a decrease in the dissolved O2 concentration of its environmental water, can make it difficult for the fish to obtain enough O2 to meet its needs. The two factors can act as a two-pronged trap. Actually, however, the fish may face a three-pronged trap. How is the increase in temperature likely to affect the O2 affinity of the fish's hemoglobin, and how could the effect on hemoglobin add even further to the challenge the fish faces? Does global warming pose concerns of this sort?
Sharks live in marine (saltwater) habitats and are osmoconformers. Based on this information which of the following is/are true (select all that apply): A. Sharks have tissues/body fluids that are isoosmotic relative to the environment B. Sharks have tissues/body fluids that are hypoosmotic relative to the environment C. Sharks devote considerable energy to osmoregulation D. Sharks do not devote much energy to osmoregulation
In the aquatic world, osmoregulation is very important. Please describe what would happen at the cellular level as well as organismal level to a freshwater fish that is placed in salt water.
Chapter 44 Solutions
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY,VOL.II >CUSTOM<
Ch. 44.1 - The movement of salt from the surrounding water to...Ch. 44.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 44.1 - WHAT IF? Researchers found that a camel in the...Ch. 44.2 - What advantage does uric acid offer as a...Ch. 44.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 44.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 44.3 - Where and how does filtrate originate in the...Ch. 44.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 44.4 - What do the number and length of nephrons in a...Ch. 44.4 - Many medications make the epithelium of the...
Ch. 44.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 44.5 - How does alcohol affect regulation of water...Ch. 44.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 44.5 - Prob. 3CCCh. 44 - Prob. 44.1CRCh. 44 - DRAW IT Construct a table summarizing the three...Ch. 44 - Prob. 44.3CRCh. 44 - Prob. 44.4CRCh. 44 - Why can only some patients with diabetes insipidus...Ch. 44 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 44 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 44 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 44 - The high osmolality of the renal medulla is...Ch. 44 - In which of the following species should natural...Ch. 44 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 44 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 44 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 44 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY You are exploring kidney...Ch. 44 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 44 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE The marine iguana...
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- Imagine a saltwater fish is placed into freshwater. What would happen on a cellular level? How are fish like salmon, who spend the first part of their life in the ocean and then travel to freshwater to spawn, able to overcome potential physiological consequences? Describe three adaptations salmon use to overcome the salinity changes encountered.arrow_forward10) Osmoregulation refers to the ability of an organism to maintain homeostasis with respect to the solute concentration of their bodies. Euryhaline fish are able to live in both fresh water and salt water at different points of their life. In order to osmoregulate in both environments, one physiological change that occurs in these fish is the direction in which they actively transport ions across their gills. a) In what direction are ions actively transported across the gills of euryhaline fish when they are in freshwater versus salt water? In freshwater: (into body or out of body) In salt water: (into body or out of body) b) Briefly explain why active transport is required in these cases. 121 11) The table below compares and contrasts carrier protein pumps with clathrin-dependent receptor-mediated endocytosis. Fill in the empty spaces of the table with the appropriate ans Clathrin- Carrier protein dependent receptor mediated endocytosis pump Involvement of multiple types of proteins?…arrow_forwardThe bacterium Vibrio cholerae causes cholera, a disease characterized by severe diarrhea that may cause infected people to lose up to 20 L of fluid in a day. The bacterium enters the body when someone drinks contaminated water. It adheres to the intestinal lining, where it causes cells of the lining to release sodium and chloride ions. Explain how this release is related to the massive fluid loss.arrow_forward
- In a Bio lab you determine that the cost of transport for two fish from different species is 1 kJ/km for fish one, and 10 kJ/km for fish two. Provide an estimate of the swimming speed of each fish assuming that a) both fish have the same metabolic rate; b) fish two has a metabolic rate 10 times higher than the metabolic rate of fish one; and c) fish one has a metabolic rate that is 100 times smaller than the metabolic rate of fish two. Note that the ratio of metabolic rate to speed defines the cost of transport in units of energy/distancearrow_forwardWhen bacteria such as E. coli are starved to a sufficient extent, they become nonmotile. However, when such bacteria are placed in an acidic solution, they resume swimming. Explainarrow_forwardWhen blue crabs living in full-strength seawater swell duringmolting, they take on the H2O that bloats their bodies from theseawater in which they live. They obtain some of the H2O bydrinking. In addition, data show that the activity of Na+–K+-ATPase in their gills increases as they start to swell duringmolting. This rise in ATPase activity suggests that the gillsincrease active transport of ions from the surrounding seawaterinto the blood of the crabs. How could this process help accountfor uptake of H2O?arrow_forward
- A freshwater fish was accidentally placed in salt water. After several minutes in the saline water it died. What is the most logical explanation for its death?arrow_forwardsodium-potassium pumps are the driving force behindarrow_forwardTable 8.2. Measurement of the Metabolic Rate of a Frog at Different Environmental Temperatures. Metabolic Rate Metabolic Rate Packed in Ice (5°C) Room Temperature (20°C) Frog #1 0.05 0.30 ml 02/ hour / gm Frog #2 0.03 0.28 Frog #3 0.04 0.25 Procedure Calculate the average metabolic rate for the three frogs at each of the two temperatures. Put a dot on the graph in Figure 8.11 for each of the average values. Draw a line between those two dots. Write the word ectotherm on the line.arrow_forward
- The kidneys of different species of amniotes differ widely in their ability to concentrate the urine. What determines the maximum osmolarity of the urine an animal's kidney can produce? Explain why. (not to long)arrow_forwardWhy might some animals find it beneficial to convert ammonia to urea? ammonia is not water soluble urea is less toxic than ammonia and can be concentrated to a greater extent energy is released in the form of ATP when ammonia is converted to urea ammonia cannot diffuse out of the body through the gills and skin while urea canarrow_forwardDescribe the function of major hormones (steroid hormones, epinephrine, insulin & glucagon) and major endocrine glands (hypothalamus, pituitary, adrenal glands, pancreas) and how they regulate metabolism. Explain the organs and tissues different groups use for osmoregulation including how the countercurrent exchange in the loop of Henle allows mammals to recycle water and ions. Explain how organisms control osmolarity, and how their particular strategies depend on the environment they inhabit.arrow_forward
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