Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781337408332
Author: Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 44, Problem 4CT
The age structure diagrams for two hypothetical populations are shown below. Describe the growth rate of each population and discuss the current and future social and economic problems that each is likely to face.
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Two stable populations employ the same fertility schedule, but different mortality schedule. In both
populations, 20% of women between exact ages 45-55 bear a
female child annually. No child bearing occurs outside this span. In population A, there is no
mortality until age 100 where all who reached age perish.
In population B, 1% of each cohort dies within each single year of age with no
survivors beyond age 100. Compute GRR, GRR and r for each population.
ii)
Determine the birth and death rate of each.
Sketch the age distribution of each.
All of the following conclusions can be made about the population represented in the above age pyramid EXCEPT
Select one:
a. the wide base indicates a high birth rate
b. death rates are only high in extreme old age
c. the steep sides show the death rate is high for both the young and adults
d. life expectancy is low with few people reaching old age
The following equation is used to calculate the population growth rate, Ro, per generation from a life
table. Iy is survival probability from birth to age x and my is fecundity at age x.
Ro = Elkm
Multiplying ly and my and summing it over all age categories in the life table gives the population growth
rate per generation because:
Calculating the reproductive output for each age class requires considering the survival probability to
that age (a dead individual does not reproduce) and the fecundity at that age by multiplying them
with each other. Summing over reproductive output for all age classes gives the total per capita
growth rate of the population
The fecundity at each age is lower when the survival is higher because of energy constraints.
Multiplying probability of survival and fecundity in each age class takes this trade-off into account.
Summing over reproductive output for all age classes gives the total per capita growth rate of the
population
The resulting type of growth…
Chapter 44 Solutions
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 44 - Iguana Decline In 1987, Martin Wikelski began a...Ch. 44 - Iguana Decline In 1987, Martin Wikelski began a...Ch. 44 - Iguana Decline In 1987, Martin Wikelski began a...Ch. 44 - Most commonly, individuals of a population show a...Ch. 44 - The rate at which population size grows or...Ch. 44 - Suppose 200 fish are marked and released in a...Ch. 44 - Prob. 4SQCh. 44 - For a given species, the maximum rate of increase...Ch. 44 - ______ is a density-independent factor that...Ch. 44 - Prob. 7SQ
Ch. 44 - Prob. 8SQCh. 44 - The human population is now about 7 billion. It...Ch. 44 - Prob. 10SQCh. 44 - Prob. 11SQCh. 44 - Prob. 12SQCh. 44 - The demographic transition model predicts a...Ch. 44 - Prob. 14SQCh. 44 - Match each term with its most suitable...Ch. 44 - Think back to Section 44.6. When researchers moved...Ch. 44 - Mountain gorillas are a highly endangered primate...Ch. 44 - Bluebirds are songbirds that, like wood ducks,...Ch. 44 - The age structure diagrams for two hypothetical...
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- Draw a graph with a growth curve for a population that starts at 10 individuals and experiences exponential growth. Draw a second graph with a growth curve for a population that starts with 10 individuals and undergoes logistic growth. The second graph should have a carrying capacity of 100 individuals. Please give a proper written explanation for the graphs.arrow_forwardWhich compares to the age structure of less developed and higher developed countries, specifying the x and y axis. Give an example of natioins with these types of age structure diagrams. What does a high fertility rate tell you about the future of this population.arrow_forward[itemB5] (refer to the photo below) Which has a longer life expectancy - fish or oysters?arrow_forward
- explain why a population that fits the logistic growthmodel increases more rapidly at intermediate size thanat relatively small and large sizesarrow_forwardIf the population of 150 squirrels at UofL has 15 births this year, what is the per capita birth rate? - 0.1 squirrels/yr/squirrel If the population of 150 squirrels at UofL has 10 deaths this year, what is per capita death rate? - 0.067 squirrels/yr/squirrel Calculate the intrinsic rate of increase for this squirrel population, using your answers to the questions above. - 0.03 squirrels/yr/squirrel Between having plenty of shelter in the trees and scavenging through the campus garbage, UofL squirrels have seemingly unlimited resources. Using the information you've calculated so far, determine the growth increment for the coming year for the UofL squirrel population. - 4.5 squirrels/yr Let's say that, after you calculated your predictions for unlimited growth of the UofL squirrel populations in the questions above, a bad storm comes through campus and wipes out half the trees! Now, the growth of the population of squirrels becomes limited. There are still 150 squirrels, but the…arrow_forwardThe chart below shows selected population data for twodifferent countries, A and B. Study the chart and answerthe questions that follow Calculate the rates of natural increase (due to birthsand deaths, not counting immigration) for the populations of country A and country B. Based on thesecalculations and the data in the table, for each of thecountries, suggest whether it is a more-developedcountry or a less-developed country and explain thereasons for your answersarrow_forward
- Examine the age structure diagram. This diagram best represents a population that is: 100+ Male Female 01% |0.2% C.6% 95-99 9D-94 03% 1.% 19% 22% 1.3% 75-79 1.7% 70-74 23% 2.7% 65-69 2.7% 3.0% 60-64 3.0% 3.3% 55-59 3.5% 3.7% 5D-54 3.8% 3.9% 4549 4.0% 39% 4044 3.6% 3.8% 35-39 3.4% 3.4% 3D 34 3.0% 2.9% 25-29 2.8% 2.6% 2D24 2.% 2.5% 15-19 2.5% 2.4% 10-14 2.6% 2.5% 5-9 25% 2.5% 2.0% 2% 4% 0-4 22% 10% 10% Southern Europe - 2019 Population: 152,446,950 PopulalionPyramid.net growing quickly growing slowly not growing/is stable decliningarrow_forwardCan you please help if this answer correct?arrow_forwardShow the vanishing population with diagram of age pyramid.arrow_forward
- Contrast exponential and logistic (= sigmoid) growth of a population. Under what conditions might you expect a population to exhibit ex-ponential growth? Why can exponential growth not be perpetuated indefinitely?arrow_forwardName two density-dependent and two densityindependent factors that can limit the size of a population.arrow_forwardA population of grey squirrels started with one pair and grows logistically with annual r = 1 and K = 42. Use the logistic growth equation to predict the population size 14 years after the first pair arrived.arrow_forward
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