Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life
15th Edition
ISBN: 9780357093795
Author: STARR
Publisher: CENGAGE LEARNING (CUSTOM)
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 44, Problem 3DAA
Iguana Decline In 1987, Martin Wikelski began a long-term study of marine iguanas in the Galápagos Islands. He marked iguanas on two islands—Genovesa and Santa Fe—and collected data on how their body size, survival, and reproductive rates varied over time. He found that because iguanas eat algae and have no predators, deaths usually result from food shortages, disease, or old age. In January 2001, an oil tanker ran aground and leaked a small amount of oil into the waters near Santa Fe. FIGURE 44.3 shows the number of marked iguanas that Wikelski and his team counted in their study populations just before the spill and about a year later.
FIGURE 44.3 Shifting numbers of marked marine iguanas on two Galápagos islands. An oil spill occurred near Santa Fe just after the January 2001 census (orange bars). A second census was carried out in December 2001 (green bars).
Wikelski concluded that changes on Santa Fe were the result of the oil spill, rather than sea temperature or other climate factors common to both islands. How would the census numbers be different from those he observed if an adverse event had affected both islands?
Expert Solution & Answer
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Students have asked these similar questions
Very few species on Earth are completely r-selected or K-selected. Many species in their natural habitats demonstrate a life strategy that ranges along a continuum between r- and K-selected strategies. Use this information to answer the 3 sub-parts.
a) Sea otters are marine mammals that live in northern Pacific coasts. Typical female sea otters reach sexual maturity around 3 or 4 years of age, and they reproduce once a year, producing a single pup.Only female sea otters are tasked with raising the offspring. Mothers constantly take care of their pups until they are 8 months old, but only 25% of the pups survive past the first year. Sea otter fur was highly sought after between the 18th century and the early 20th century. Through conservation efforts, the number of sea otters increased. The current world population is estimated to be between 1 000 and 2 000 individuals, and they are considered to be endangered. Their main food source is sea urchins, molluscs, and crustaceans. Sea…
Conservation biologists have altered the evolution of salmon populations in captive-breeding programs. Wild female salmon tend to produce fewer large eggs because the large eggs contain more nutrients for the off spring, giving each individual a greater chance to survive. After just a few generations, however, captive-bred females now lay greater numbers of small eggs. Suggest a possible adaptive advantage for many small eggs in the captive-bred environment. What would you predict regarding the reproductive success of captive-bred females released in the wild?
A group of researchers are interested in whether temperature has an affect on time to
metamorphosis in a species of frog. Eggs from a single pond were obtained and raised at either
15°C or 25°C until metamorphosis completed.
Time (days)
15°C
25°C
360
379
375
353
354
299
378
349
385
323
359
298
371
301
355
375
μ
367.1
334.6
S
11.66
33.85
Time to metamorphosis at 25°C quantile
Time to metamorphosis at 15°C quantile
385
380
375
370
365
360
355
+3
-1.5
380
360
340
320
300
-1.0
-0.5
00
05
10
1.5
Normal quantile
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
00
0.5
1.0
Normal quantile
a) List the potential statistical tests that could be used to test the researcher's hypothesis, how
they compare in terms of power, and the assumptions made by those tests. (3 marks)
b) Based on the data, which test should be used? Provide a brief explanation and test any
assumptions, as necessary to come to your conclusion. (4 marks)
c) Conduct a statistical analysis using that test. (8 marks)
Chapter 44 Solutions
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life
Ch. 44 - Iguana Decline In 1987, Martin Wikelski began a...Ch. 44 - Iguana Decline In 1987, Martin Wikelski began a...Ch. 44 - Iguana Decline In 1987, Martin Wikelski began a...Ch. 44 - Most commonly, individuals of a population show a...Ch. 44 - The rate at which population size grows or...Ch. 44 - Suppose 200 fish are marked and released in a...Ch. 44 - Prob. 4SQCh. 44 - For a given species, the maximum rate of increase...Ch. 44 - ______ is a density-independent factor that...Ch. 44 - Prob. 7SQ
Ch. 44 - Prob. 8SQCh. 44 - The human population is now about 7 billion. It...Ch. 44 - Prob. 10SQCh. 44 - Prob. 11SQCh. 44 - Prob. 12SQCh. 44 - The demographic transition model predicts a...Ch. 44 - Prob. 14SQCh. 44 - Match each term with its most suitable...Ch. 44 - Think back to Section 44.6. When researchers moved...Ch. 44 - Mountain gorillas are a highly endangered primate...Ch. 44 - Bluebirds are songbirds that, like wood ducks,...Ch. 44 - The age structure diagrams for two hypothetical...
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Find more solutions based on key concepts
Define histology.
Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Figure 11.6 Label the features of the skin.
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & Physiology
11. In the early 1800s, French naturalist Jean Baptiste Lamarck suggested that the best explanation for the rel...
Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections (8th Edition)
Identify each of the following reproductive barriers as prezygotic or postzygotic. a. One lilac species lives o...
Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology (5th Edition)
Your bore cells, muscle cells, and skin cells look different because a. different kinds of genes are present in...
Campbell Essential Biology (7th Edition)
Propose a model for the assembly of a flagellum in a typical Gram-positive cell envelope.
Prescott's Microbiology
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- You are surveying of the turtle species identifies several breeding populations in different habitats across the island. After a very warm summer of 2020, you observe that the hatchlings from low-elevation nests are mostly males, whereas hatchlings from higher elevations have an equal female-to-male sex ratio. As a bit more background, temperature influences the sex ratio in some turtle species, a phenomenon called temperature-sex determination (TSD). With this knowledge, you hypothesize this new turtle species exhibits TSD, and that eggs incubated at low elevations during the warm year experienced a high enough embryonic temperature to skew the sex ratio. To test this, you collect 20 newly laid eggs in early 2021 & take them back to the lab to conduct an experiment to test your hypothesis that this species exhibits TSD. Assume you know the average nest temperature in the wild, and you have access to multiple incubators Design an experiment to test the hypothesis that this turtle…arrow_forwardIguana Decline In 1987, Martin Wikelski began a long-term study of marine iguanas in the Galpagos Islands. He marked iguanas on two islandsGenovesa and Santa Feand collected data on how their body size, survival, and reproductive rates varied over time. He found that because iguanas eat algae and have no predators, deaths usually result from food shortages, disease, or old age. In January 2001, an oil tanker ran aground and leaked a small amount of oil into the waters near Santa Fe. FIGURE 44.3 shows the number of marked iguanas that Wikelski and his team counted in their study populations just before the spill and about a year later. FIGURE 44.3 Shifting numbers of marked marine iguanas on two Galpagos islands. An oil spill occurred near Santa Fe just after the January 2001 census (orange bars). A second census was carried out in December 2001 (green bars). How much did the population size on each island change between the first and second census?arrow_forwardIguana Decline In 1987, Martin Wikelski began a long-term study of marine iguanas in the Calapgos Islands. He marked iguanas on two islandsGenovesa and Santa Feand collected data on how their body size, survival, and reproductive rates varied over time. He found that because iguanas eat algae and have no predators, deaths usually result from food shortages, disease, or old age. In January 2001, an oil tanker ran aground and leaked a small amount of oil into the waters near Santa Fe. FIGURE 44.17 shows the number of marked iguanas that Wikelski and his team counted in their study populations just before the spill and about a year later. FIGURE 44.17 Shifting numbers of marked marine iguanas on two Galpagos islands. An oil spill occurred near Santa Fe just after the January 2001 census (orange bars). A second census was carried out in December 2001 (green bars). 3. Wikelski concluded that changes on Santa He were the result of the oil spill, rather than sea temperature or other climate factors common to both islands. How would the census numbers be different from those he observed if an adverse event had affected both Islands?arrow_forward
- Use the survivorship curves (A, B, and C) shown on the graph below to answer the following three questions. kx A B с Age Which curve best describes survivorship in clams? (Clams have external fertilization and free-swimming larval stages.) Curve A Which curve best describes survivorship in mice? Curve C Which curve best describes survivorship in a species, such as humans, that invests a great deal in caring for the young over a very long period of time? Curve Barrow_forwardIn the Introduction, the authors set the stage for their experiment. What ecological issues were facing Yellowstone National Park when wolves were no longer there, and how were the researchers going to test the questions they wanted to ask? In 4 – 6 sentences, summarize the Methods section of this paper. One of the questions the researchers asked when they began their experiment was “With wolves now back on the Yellowstone landscape for 15 years, how has the reintroduction of wolves affected the recruitment of the woody browse species?” Use data from the Ripple and Beschta paper to support your answer. In any scientific paper, the Discussion is often the most hard-hitting, and where researchers elaborate and explain their results in the context of their experiment and the real world. Explain why when researchers tried culling some of the elk herd it did not have trophic effects, while reintroducing wolves did have trophic effects. Describe the multiple impacts of wolf…arrow_forwardThe type III survivorship curve is found in species in which most individuals die when they are young but a relatively small number of older individuals can live for a long time. Many of these organisms have very long lifespans. This would appear to contradict the evolutionary theory of aging because most individuals die when young but lifespan is long. How can you explain this apparent contradiction. Group of answer choices -older, larger individuals have most of the offspring -all type III organisms have very slow metabolisms -type III organisms are trying to prove evolution wrong -type III organisms die at a constant ratearrow_forward
- What about a sperm whale's blow hole as an adaption ensures their oceanic survival? Fully cite and use recent peer reviewed sources from 2010 to the present.arrow_forwardCicadas emerged from the soil last year and created a lot of noise in the northeastern U.S. Cicadas have a low probability of survival after achieving sexual maturity (when they metamorphose into the adult stage) compared to that of juveniles (the nymph stage shown below). Given this fact, what does life history theory predict would be the optimal life history strategy of the cicada? A Once sexually mature, cicadas invest in current reproduction at the cost of devoting energy to maintenance and repair B Devote energy to development at the cost of juvenile growth Once sexual maturity is achieved, cicadas invest in reproduction below the level that produces a cost in future survival and reproduction D none of the answers is correct Postpone the age of sexual maturity, low investment in reproduction once sexual maturity is reached to minimize the E cost of future survival and reproductionarrow_forwardA defence mechanism is how the sea cucumber fires its internal organs at attackers. How would this defence mechanism have evolved over time due to pressure from predation and/or competition? Please explain in details.arrow_forward
- Which of the following factors makes species recognition receptors on the sea urchin egg membrane important? Group of answer choices a. high levels of sexual selection b. external fertilization c. carnivorous larvae d. type III survivorship curve e. cytoplasmic determinantsarrow_forwardElephant shrews (Rhynchocyon petersi) are voracious insectivores that prey upon a wide variety of arthropods as well as worms. An American Zoological Association (AZA) accredited zoo received two male- female pairs of elephant shrews as part of a captive breeding program. In captivity the shrews were fed crickets, cockroaches, Tenebrio larvae (meal worms), annelid worms (earthworms) and cat food. The adult shrews flourished gaining weight and produced young. Baby elephant shrews however had high mortality and suffered bone deformities. Please note, the question asks about Elephant shrews, not elephants (Family Elephantidae) which are the group of large mammals with long trunks! Note: your answers must be specific and you must provide examples to support your statements. Vague and overly general answers will receive minimal credit Answer the following questions: A. How would you go about diagnosing what the nutritional problem might be? Please note, simply stating that you would…arrow_forwardWhat is the main idea of this text? In the years right after the invasion, zebra mussels evolved and adapted to the Hudson River ecosystem. In the years right after the invasion, zebra mussels evolved and adapted to the Hudson River ecosystem. In the years right after the invasion, zebra mussels caused a number of changes in the Hudson River ecosystem and food web. In the years right after the invasion, zebra mussels caused a number of changes in the Hudson River ecosystem and food web. In the years right after the invasion, zebra mussels did not have a major impact on the Hudson River ecosystem or food web. In the years right after the invasion, zebra mussels did not have a major impact on the Hudson River ecosystem or food web. At first, zebra mussels did not have any impact on the Hudson River ecosystem, but their impact increased over timearrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap...BiologyISBN:9781337408332Author:Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa StarrPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap...BiologyISBN:9781305073951Author:Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa StarrPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology (Mi...BiologyISBN:9781305117396Author:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa StarrPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305389892Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap...
Biology
ISBN:9781337408332
Author:Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap...
Biology
ISBN:9781305073951
Author:Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Biology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology (Mi...
Biology
ISBN:9781305117396
Author:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781305389892
Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher:Cengage Learning
MARINE ECOSYSTEM (Animation); Author: EarthPen;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-wrUr0esoI0;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY