
A Transition to Advanced Mathematics
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781285463261
Author: Douglas Smith, Maurice Eggen, Richard St. Andre
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Question
Chapter 4.4, Problem 1E
(a)
To determine
Tofind:The function
(b)
To determine
To find: The function
(c)
To determine
To find: The function
(d)
To determine
To find: The function
(e)
To determine
To find: The function
(f)
To determine
To find: The function
(g)
To determine
To find: The function
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Find the area bounded by f(x) = sin x,
g(x)
=
cos x in the first quadrant.
1. Matrix Operations
Given:
A = [ 33 ]A-[3-321]
-3
B = [342]B-[3-41-2]
(a) A² A2
Multiply A× A:
-3
=
(3 x 32x-3) (3 x 22 x 1)
| = |[19–63
|-9-3 -6+21] =
A² = 33 33 1-3×3+1x-3) (-3×2+1x1)
[12]A2=[3-321][3-321]=[(3×3+2x-3)(-3×3+1x-3)(3×2+2×1)(-3×2+1×1)]=[9-6-9-36+2-6+1
]=[3-128-5]
(b) | A ||A| Determinant of A
| A | (3 × 1) (2 x-3)=3+ 6 = 9|A|=(3×1)-(2x-3)=3+6=9
(c) Adjoint of A
Swap diagonal elements and change sign of off-diagonals:
A = [33], so adj (A) = |¯²]A=[3-321], so adj(A)=[13–23]
-3
(d) B-¹B-1
First find | B ||B|:
|B | (3x-2)- (1 × -4) = -6 + 4 = −2|B|=(3x-2)-(1x-4)=-6+4=-2
Then the adjoint of B:
adj (B) = [²
3
adj(B)=[-24-13]
Now,
B-1
1
=
|B|
· adj (B) = 1 [²¯¯³¹³] = [2₂ B
0.5
|B-1=|B|1-adj(B)=-21[-24-13]=[1-20.5-1.5]
2.
(a) Matrix Method: Solve
(2x + 3y = 6
(2x-3y=14
{2x+3y=62x-3y=14
Matrix form:
22 33-22
=
[223-3][xy]=[614]
Find inverse of coefficient matrix: Determinant:
| M | (2x-3) - (3 x 2) = -6 -6 = -12|M|=(2x-3)-(3×2)=-6-6=-12
Adjoint:
adj(M) = [3]adj(M)-[-3-2-32]
So…
Questions
An insurance company's cumulative incurred claims for the last 5 accident years are given
in the following table:
Development Year
Accident Year 0
2018
1 2 3 4
245 267 274 289 292
2019
255 276 288 294
2020
265 283 292
2021
263 278
2022
271
It can be assumed that claims are fully run off after 4 years. The premiums received for
each year are:
Accident Year Premium
2018
306
2019
312
2020
318
2021
326
2022
330
You do not need to make any allowance for inflation.
1. (a) Calculate the reserve at the end of 2022 using the basic chain ladder method.
(b) Calculate the reserve at the end of 2022 using the Bornhuetter-Ferguson method.
2. Comment on the differences in the reserves produced by the methods in Part 1.
Chapter 4 Solutions
A Transition to Advanced Mathematics
Ch. 4.1 - Find two upper bounds (if any exits) for each of...Ch. 4.1 - Assign a grade of A (correct), C (partially...Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 3ECh. 4.1 - Prob. 4ECh. 4.1 - Let A and B be subsets of . Prove that if A is...Ch. 4.1 - Let x be an upper bound for A. Prove that if xy,...Ch. 4.1 - Let A. Prove that if A is bounded above, then Ac...Ch. 4.1 - Give an example of a set A for which both A and Ac...Ch. 4.1 - Let A. Prove that if sup(A) exists, then it is...Ch. 4.1 - Formulate and prove a characterization of greatest...
Ch. 4.1 - If possible, give an example of a set A such that...Ch. 4.1 - Let A. Prove that if sup(A) exists, then...Ch. 4.1 - Let A and B be subsets of . Prove that if sup(A)...Ch. 4.1 - (a)Give an example of sets A and B of real numbers...Ch. 4.1 - (a)Give an example of sets A and B of real numbers...Ch. 4.1 - An alternate version of the Archimedean Principle...Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 17ECh. 4.1 - Prove that an ordered field F is complete iff...Ch. 4.1 - Prove that every irrational number is "missing"...Ch. 4.2 - Let A and B be compact subsets of . Use the...Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 2ECh. 4.2 - Prob. 3ECh. 4.2 - Prob. 4ECh. 4.2 - Assign a grade of A (correct), C (partially...Ch. 4.2 - For real numbers x,1,2,...n, describe i=1nN(x,i)....Ch. 4.2 - State the definition of continuity of the function...Ch. 4.2 - Find the set of interior point for each of these...Ch. 4.2 - Suppose that x is an interior point of a set A....Ch. 4.2 - Let AB. Prove that if sup(A) and sup(B) both...Ch. 4.2 - Let Abe a nonempty collection of closed subsets of...Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 12ECh. 4.2 - Prob. 13ECh. 4.2 - Prob. 14ECh. 4.2 - Prob. 15ECh. 4.2 - Prob. 16ECh. 4.2 - Prove Lemma 7.2.4.Ch. 4.2 - Which of the following subsets of are compact? ...Ch. 4.2 - Give an example of a bounded subset of and a...Ch. 4.3 - Let A and F be sets of real numbers, and let F be...Ch. 4.3 - In the proof of Theorem 7.3.1 that =, it is...Ch. 4.3 - Assign a grade of A (correct), C (partially...Ch. 4.3 - Prove that 7 is an accumulation point for [3,7). 5...Ch. 4.3 - Find an example of an infinite subset of that has...Ch. 4.3 - Find the derived set of each of the following...Ch. 4.3 - Let S=(0,1]. Find S(Sc).Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 8ECh. 4.3 - (a)Prove that if AB, then AB. (b)Is the converse...Ch. 4.3 - Show by example that the intersection of...Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 11ECh. 4.3 - Prob. 12ECh. 4.3 - Let a, b. Prove that every closed interval [a,b]...Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 14ECh. 4.3 - Prob. 15ECh. 4.4 - Prob. 1ECh. 4.4 - Prove that if x is an interior point of the set A,...Ch. 4.4 - Recall from Exercise 11 of Section 4.6 that the...Ch. 4.4 - A sequence x of real numbers is a Cauchy* sequence...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 5ECh. 4.4 - Assign a grade of A (correct), C (partially...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 7ECh. 4.4 - Give an example of a bounded sequence that is not...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 9ECh. 4.4 - Let A and B be subsets of . Prove that (AB)=AB....Ch. 4.5 - For the sequence y defined in the proof of Theorem...Ch. 4.5 - Prob. 2ECh. 4.5 - Prob. 3ECh. 4.5 - Let I be a sequence of intervals. Then for each...Ch. 4.5 - Prob. 5ECh. 4.5 - Prob. 6ECh. 4.5 - Find all divisors of zero in 14. 15. 10. 101.Ch. 4.5 - Prob. 8ECh. 4.5 - Suppose m and m2. Prove that 1 and m1 are distinct...Ch. 4.5 - Prob. 10ECh. 4.5 - Prob. 11ECh. 4.5 - Determine whether each sequence is monotone. For...Ch. 4.5 - Prob. 13ECh. 4.5 - Complete the proof that xn=(1+1n)n is increasing...Ch. 4.5 - Prob. 15ECh. 4.5 - Prob. 16ECh. 4.5 - Prob. 17ECh. 4.6 - Prob. 1ECh. 4.6 - Repeat Exercise 2 with the operation * given by...Ch. 4.6 - Prob. 3ECh. 4.6 - Let m,n and M=A:A is an mn matrix with real number...Ch. 4.6 - Let be an associative operation on nonempty set A...Ch. 4.6 - Let be an associative operation on nonempty set A...Ch. 4.6 - Suppose that (A,*) is an algebraic system and * is...Ch. 4.6 - Let (A,o) be an algebra structure. An element lA...Ch. 4.6 - Let G be a group. Prove that if a2=e for all aG,...Ch. 4.6 - Prob. 10ECh. 4.6 - Complete the proof of Theorem 6.1.4. First, show...Ch. 4.6 - Prob. 12ECh. 4.6 - Prob. 13ECh. 4.7 - Give an example of an algebraic structure of order...Ch. 4.7 - Let G be a group. Prove that G is abelian if and...Ch. 4.7 - Prob. 3ECh. 4.7 - (a)In the group G of Exercise 2, find x such that...Ch. 4.7 - Show that (,), with operation # defined by...Ch. 4.7 - Let m be a prime natural number and a(Um,). Prove...Ch. 4.7 - Prob. 7ECh. 4.7 - Prob. 8ECh. 4.7 - Prob. 9E
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