EP CONNECT ONLINE ACCESS FOR BIOLOGY
20th Edition
ISBN: 9781260494655
Author: Raven
Publisher: MCG COURSE
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Chapter 43.7, Problem 1LO
Summary Introduction
To determine: The way, a compound eye of human, fly, and the eyespot of the ribbon worm could have a common evolutionary origin.
Introduction: The eyes are the sensory organ. The insects are the vertebrates show divergence from a common ancestor. There is large differences in vertebrate's eye and insect eye.
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Regarding the evolution of the mammalian inner ear, the above diagram shows:A) the co-option of jaw bones (colored) for use in hearingB) the loss of jaw bones (colored) and the origin of de-novo hearing bones C) the evolution of synapsids, which have little to do with mammalian evolutionD) the results of a population bottleneck which led to the fixation of odd alleles for ear development
Eyes are often used in arguments for intelligent design because many consider this organ to be too complex to have evolved by chance alone. However, complex lensed eyes evolved independently both within cephalod mollusks and vertebrates including our own ancestor. In the evolution of these structures the corresponding phylogenies revealed that both:
A) were preceded by the evolution of 'simple' light sensing eyes, thus having adaptive intermediate evolutionary steps.
B) lacked intermediate evolutionary steps involving the evolution of 'simple' eyes.
C) had intermediate evolutionary steps, but ultimately the vertebrate eye had a superior 'design' without any kind of blind spot, relative to the simple invertebrate cephalopod eye.
D) were preceded by vestigial non-functional optic structures.
The phylogeny in this figure shows the evolution of visual opsins in tetrapods. Each colored triangle represents a different opsin. Which of the following accurately describes the opsins in these species?
Squamate reptiles Birds
Rodents
New World Baboons
primates
Click to view larger image.
- Opain loss
x Opain loss
▲▲▲▲
Tetrapod ancestor
▲▲▲
Humane
+A Opin gain
a. The green opsin is a synapomorphy in rodents and New World primates, and the light blue opsin is a symplesiomorphy in baboons and humans.
b. The light blue opsin is a synapomorphy in squamate reptiles and birds, and the green opsin is an ancestral trait.
OC. The purple opsin is an analogous trait, and the green opsin is a homologous trait.
Od. The green opsin is a synapomorphy in baboons and humans, and the light blue opsin is symplesiomorphy in squamate reptiles and birds.
Chapter 43 Solutions
EP CONNECT ONLINE ACCESS FOR BIOLOGY
Ch. 43.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 43.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 43.1 - Describe how gated ion channels work.Ch. 43.2 - Prob. 1LOCh. 43.2 - Describe the function of these receptors.Ch. 43.2 - Describe the relationship between thermoreceptors...Ch. 43.3 - Prob. 1LOCh. 43.3 - Prob. 2LOCh. 43.4 - Prob. 1LOCh. 43.4 - Prob. 2LO
Ch. 43.4 - Prob. 3LOCh. 43.5 - Prob. 1LOCh. 43.5 - Prob. 2LOCh. 43.6 - Prob. 1LOCh. 43.6 - Prob. 2LOCh. 43.6 - Prob. 3LOCh. 43.7 - Prob. 1LOCh. 43 - Prob. 1DACh. 43 - Prob. 1IQCh. 43 - Prob. 2IQCh. 43 - Prob. 3IQCh. 43 - Which of these is NOT a method by which sensory...Ch. 43 - Which of the following correctly lists the steps...Ch. 43 - All sensory receptors are able to initiate nerve...Ch. 43 - In the fairy tale, Sleeping Beauty fell asleep...Ch. 43 - The ear detects sound by the movement of a. the...Ch. 43 - Hair cells in the vestibular apparatus of...Ch. 43 - ________ is the photopigment contained within both...Ch. 43 - Which of the following is NOT a method used by...Ch. 43 - Prob. 9UCh. 43 - Prob. 10UCh. 43 - What do the sensory systems of annelids, mollusks,...Ch. 43 - Animals can more easily tell the direction of a...Ch. 43 - Some birds have broader color perception than...Ch. 43 - The ability of some insects, birds, and lizards to...Ch. 43 - Prob. 1SCh. 43 - The function of the vertebrate eye is unusual...Ch. 43 - How would the otolith organs of an astronaut...Ch. 43 - Prob. 4S
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Define convergent evolution, and discuss how the cephalopod eye and the vertebrate eye demonstrate this phenomenon.arrow_forwardEvolutionary biologist Neil Shubin once said, "In one sense, evolution didn't invent anything new? It's using the old to make the new, and we call that tinkering." How does the concept of the evolution of the complex eye and the idea of exaptations support Dr. Shubin's statement? Explain and give an example.arrow_forwardWhich of the following best describes the evolution of smell in chordates? A) Ancestrally, jawless fish had few ancestral scent genes that coded for receptors resembling a combination of water and air receptors. Subsequently these genes were duplicated and specialized through natural selection either for use in water or air. B) Ancestrally, all olfactory receptors where specialized for water as the ancestor of all vertebrates was aquatic. Only once did olfactory genes become duplicated and specialized and this was in the transition to land for receptors that work in air. C) All chordates share the same number of scent receptor genes. However, they have become variously deactivated through natural selection due to either unuse or a tradeoff for sight genes. D) None of the above.arrow_forward
- How can the Darwinian concept of descent with modification explain the evolution of such complex structuresas the vertebrate eye?arrow_forwardHow would Darwin explain the emergence thick, strong beaks in birds living in an area with only hard shelled seeds? a) God designed the birds with thick beaks to allow them to easily break open the shells. b) When only shelled seeds are around, birds are constantly working their beaks to break these shells. Over time this strengthens their beaks. Birds that have strengthened beaks pass this trait on to their offspring. c) Birds with the thickest strongest beaks find the most food on these islands. Because they are well fed they survive, reproduce and pass on this trait. Birds with less strong beaks are less likely to survive. d) The birds need a thick strong beaks to break open shells so they made them over time.arrow_forward5c) Do you believe that experiments might be useful in determining the adaptive function of the pecten, if it indeed serves an adaptive function? Outline a simple experiment to see whether the presence of a pecten in the bird eye is an adaptation.arrow_forward
- Which is NOT an example of a structural homology? Please choose all applicable options. a) All vertebrate embryos form pharyngeal pouches.b) Vertebrate forelimbs generally have the same number and a similar arrangement of bones.c) The same group of embryonic cells forms the adult jaw of a perch and of a dog.d) All organisms share a common genetic code.arrow_forwardPakicetus is an ancient wolf-like organism that lived 50 million year ago. It had wolf-like ears and nostrils on the front of its skull. Modern whales have a similar ear structure, but their nostrils are on the back of their skull. Aetiocetus lived 25 million years ago, had the same ear structure as both Pakicetus and modern whales, but nostrils in the middle of its skull. According to this information, the most likely conclusion that biologists could draw about the relationship of Aetiocetus to the other organisms is that Aetiocetus...arrow_forward5a) Your textbook points out that the pecten is a structure that is very similar in many bird species. Does this mean that mutations that affect the structure and the function of the pecten occur less than mutations that affect other body parts? Why or why not?arrow_forward
- Discuss the evolution of the vertebrate eye.arrow_forwardPakicetus is an ancient wolf-like organism that lived 50 million year ago. It had wolf-like ears and nostrils on the front of its skull. Modem whales have a similar ear structure, but their nostrils are on the back of their skull. Aetiocetus lived 25 million years ago, had the same ear structure as both Pakicetus and modern whales, but nostrils in the middle of its skull. According to this information, the most likely concilusion that biologists could draw about the relationship of Aetiocetus to the other organisms is that Aetiocetus O evolved as whale ancestors lost their forward-placed nostrils through disuse. O is the ancestor of both Pakicetus and modern whales. O is not related to either Pakicetus or modern whales. O is a transitional form between Pakicetus and modern whales.arrow_forwardGiven homologous structures like a bird’s wing & whale’s flipper and analogous structures like a bird's wing & insect's wing, prove evolution.arrow_forward
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