EP CONNECT ONLINE ACCESS FOR BIOLOGY
20th Edition
ISBN: 9781260494655
Author: Raven
Publisher: MCG COURSE
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Chapter 43, Problem 4S
Summary Introduction
To determine: The evaluation of control of genes that controls the development and these regulate the expression of various parts of the genome.
Introduction: The genes are the functional unit of DNA. They possess some specific functions to perform. The different sets of the gene regulate the expression of different parts of the body.
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Another way to study the role of proteins (e.g., transcription factors) that function in development is to microinject the mRNA that encodes a protein, or the purified protein itself, into an oocyte or embryo, and then determine how this affects the subsequent development of the embryo, larva, and adult. For example, if Bicoid protein is injected into the posterior region of an oocyte, the resulting embryo will develop into a larva that has anterior structures at both ends. Based on your understanding of the function of each developmental gene, what would be the predicted phenotype if the following proteins or mRNAs were injected into normal oocytes?
A. Nanos mRNA injected into the anterior end of an oocyte
B. Antp protein injected into the posterior end of an embryo
C. Toll mRNA injected into the dorsal side of an early embryo
provide one example from the Drosophila AP toolkit for "Toolkit genes can be classified according to the phenotypes caused by their mutation. Similar mutant phenotypes often reflect genes that function in a single developmental pathway. Distinct pathways exist for the generation of body axes, for example, and for the formation and identity of fields."
Many animals have the p53 gene that makes a protein that regulates the cell cycle and helps
prevent the formation of cancer cells. The table below shows the percentage of p53 gene
sequences that the 4 species have when compared to humans.
Species
Percentage of p53 Gene
Sequence Similar to Human
Human
100
Horse
60.7
Fruit Fly
15.5
Rat
76.8
Pig
81.3
Which organism in the table is most closely related to humans based on this data?
pig
horse
fruit fly
rat
0 0 0 0
Chapter 43 Solutions
EP CONNECT ONLINE ACCESS FOR BIOLOGY
Ch. 43.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 43.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 43.1 - Describe how gated ion channels work.Ch. 43.2 - Prob. 1LOCh. 43.2 - Describe the function of these receptors.Ch. 43.2 - Describe the relationship between thermoreceptors...Ch. 43.3 - Prob. 1LOCh. 43.3 - Prob. 2LOCh. 43.4 - Prob. 1LOCh. 43.4 - Prob. 2LO
Ch. 43.4 - Prob. 3LOCh. 43.5 - Prob. 1LOCh. 43.5 - Prob. 2LOCh. 43.6 - Prob. 1LOCh. 43.6 - Prob. 2LOCh. 43.6 - Prob. 3LOCh. 43.7 - Prob. 1LOCh. 43 - Prob. 1DACh. 43 - Prob. 1IQCh. 43 - Prob. 2IQCh. 43 - Prob. 3IQCh. 43 - Which of these is NOT a method by which sensory...Ch. 43 - Which of the following correctly lists the steps...Ch. 43 - All sensory receptors are able to initiate nerve...Ch. 43 - In the fairy tale, Sleeping Beauty fell asleep...Ch. 43 - The ear detects sound by the movement of a. the...Ch. 43 - Hair cells in the vestibular apparatus of...Ch. 43 - ________ is the photopigment contained within both...Ch. 43 - Which of the following is NOT a method used by...Ch. 43 - Prob. 9UCh. 43 - Prob. 10UCh. 43 - What do the sensory systems of annelids, mollusks,...Ch. 43 - Animals can more easily tell the direction of a...Ch. 43 - Some birds have broader color perception than...Ch. 43 - The ability of some insects, birds, and lizards to...Ch. 43 - Prob. 1SCh. 43 - The function of the vertebrate eye is unusual...Ch. 43 - How would the otolith organs of an astronaut...Ch. 43 - Prob. 4S
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- Which of the following statements about the differential expression of human genes is correct? A. Differential expression does not occur during embryogenesis (development of the embryo). B. The unused genes in differentiated cells no longer retain the potential to be expressed. C. Gene expression patterns of all cells are identical. D. Every cell nucleus contains the complete genome established in the fertilized egg.arrow_forwardIn addition to C. elegans and Drosophila, Zebrafish are also another model organism - and have a spine. We're interested in two phenotypes, a curved spine and a gene that causes skin tumors to form on the fish's skin. We'd like to know if we could use the curved spine as an indicator if a fish may develop tumors (if the genes are linked). We'll assume that each of these traits is controlled by a single gene where: a curved spine is the result of a dominant allele S (and a normal spine is the result of recessive alleless), ⚫ and tumor growth is the result of a recessive allele t (and no tumor growths are a dominant T allele). A testcross is performed with a fish that is heterozygous for both genes and the resulting progeny are given below. TtSs x ttss curved spine & no tumors curved spine & tumors normal spine & no tumors 27 45 normal spine & tumors 30 SUN 50 Are these two genes following Mendelian inheritance patterns? Use Chi-Squared analysis to test them. x2 = (0-6)² 1. X2 value:…arrow_forwardIn a first attempt to describe the relationship between genes and phenotypes, Beadle and Tatum in the 1940s stated that each gene is a section of the genome that codes for a specific enzyme (one-gene-one-enzyme hypothesis). Which more recent discoveries regarding gene expression are not covered by this hypothesis? Some genes are transcribed into functional RNA molecules that are not translated into protein. Genes code for proteins other than enzymes. Enzymes comprised of several different polypeptides, such as RNA polymerase, are encoded by more than one gene. a and b, but not c a, b, and carrow_forward
- Propose a hypothesis that could explain the following observation. A graduate student performing studies on mutations in drosophila (fruit flies) discovered a strain of flies with a silent mutation in the gene controlling the shape of the wings. Further investigation has shown that this mutation is lethal in flies who are homozygote. Flies that are homozygote wild type or heterozygote can develop and are able to survive.arrow_forwardPax6 is a gene that is involved in mammalian eye development. Mutations in this gene result in a lack of iris in humans, and mice that are homozygous for the mutation lack eyes completely. Mutations in the eyeless gene in the fruitfly Drosophila result in reduced eyes. Expressing Pax6 from mammals in other tissues of Drosophila during its embryonic development can result in an ectopic eye (e.g. an eye expressed in a different tissue type). An example of an ectopic eye on the antenna of Drosophila is shown below. Part A: The eye of humans, mouse, and fly are an example of the following (check all that apply) A. Structural analog B. Structural homolog C. Developmental homolog D. Genetic homolog Part B: Darwin's hypothesis of natural selection has two components: Species are not static but change through time Species are related, and not independent. In what ways does the human, mouse, and fly eye support or contradict one or both of the two components of…arrow_forwardDescribe how researchers use RNA interference toidentify pleiotropic genes that function in a particulardevelopmental pathwayarrow_forward
- Environmental factors can influence the gene expression in some organisms. a. Describe how environmental factors can affect an organism's phenotype. b. Explain how light exposure can affect gene expression in organisms of the same species. Provide an example.arrow_forwardWhy is an understanding of gene regulation in eukaryotes crucial to an understanding of developmental processes? Explain your answerarrow_forwardCreate a Venn diagram to compare and contrast the process of gene expression in Bacteria versus eukaryotes. Remember that “gene expression” can include any part of transcription or translation. Try to be as thorough as you can about what aspects of this process are similar between the two taxa, and what characteristics are distinct to only Bacteria or eukaryotes. Plase include a minimum of 15 items in the Venn diagram.arrow_forward
- For the expression of traits gene provide only the potentialily and the environment provides the opportunity.comment on the statement?arrow_forwardTraditional gene mapping has been applied successfully to a variety of organisms including yeast, fungi, maize, and Drosophila. However, human gene mapping has only recently shared a similar spotlight. What factors have delayed the application of traditional gene-mapping techniques in humans?arrow_forwardGive typing answer with explanation and conclusion If you want to identify genes linked to autism in a mouse model, which genetic approach or approaches could you use? (Mark all that apply) A) Reverse Genetics B) Forward Genetics C) Optogenetics D) Population Geneticsarrow_forward
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