Bundle: Physics For Scientists And Engineers With Modern Physics, Loose-leaf Version, 10th + Webassign Printed Access Card For Serway/jewett's Physics For Scientists And Engineers, 10th, Single-term
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781337888585
Author: Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher: Cengage Learning
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 43, Problem 53AP
As part of his discovery of the neutron in 1932, James Chadwick determined the mass of the newly identified particle by firing a beam of fast neutrons, all having the same speed, at two different targets and measuring the maximum recoil speeds of the target nuclei. The maximum speeds arise when an elastic head-on collision occurs between a neutron and a stationary target nucleus. (a) Represent the masses and final speeds of the two target nuclei as m1, v1, m2, and v2 and assume Newtonian mechanics applies. Show that the neutron mass can be calculated from the equation
(b) Chadwick directed a beam of neutrons (produced from a nuclear reaction) on paraffin, which contains hydrogen. The maximum speed of the protons ejected was found to be 3.30 × 107 m/s. Because the velocity of the neutrons could not be determined directly, a second experiment was performed using neutrons from the same source and nitrogen nuclei as the target. The maximum recoil speed of the nitrogen nuclei was found to be 4.70 × 106 m/s. The masses of a proton and a nitrogen nucleus were taken as 1.00 u and 14.0 u, respectively. What was Chadwick’s value for the neutron mass?
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Ernest Rutherford (the first New Zealander to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry) demonstrated that nuclei were very small and dense by scattering helium-4 nuclei (4He) from gold-197 nuclei (19 Au). The energy of
the incoming helium nucleus was 7.35 x 10
-13 j, and the masses of the helium and gold nuclei were 6.68 x 10-27 kg and 3.29 x 10-25
kg, respectively (note that their mass ratio is 4 to 197. Assume that the helium
nucleus travels in the +x-direction before the collision.)
(a) If a helium nucleus scatters to an angle of 112° during an elastic collision with a gold nucleus, calculate the helium nucleus' final speed (in m/s) and the final velocity (magnitude in m/s and direction counterclockwise
from the +x-axis) of the gold nucleus.
120°
He nucleus
Gold nucleus
4He speed
m/s
197Au velocity
m/s
197
Au direction
° counterclockwise from the +x-axis
(b) What is the final kinetic energy (in J) of the helium nucleus?
J
Po-204 (mass=204 amu) goes alpha decay. Show that, as a result of ejecting alpha particle (He-4, mass=4 amu), the daughter nucleus recoils with a speed equal to 2% that of the alpha particle.
A stationary nucleus of Po-204 (mass = 204 amu) undergoes alpha decay. Show that, as a result of ejecting alpha particle (He-4: mass = 4 amu), the daughter nucleus recoils with a speed equal to 2% that of the alpha particle.
Chapter 43 Solutions
Bundle: Physics For Scientists And Engineers With Modern Physics, Loose-leaf Version, 10th + Webassign Printed Access Card For Serway/jewett's Physics For Scientists And Engineers, 10th, Single-term
Ch. 43.1 - Prob. 43.1QQCh. 43.5 - Prob. 43.3QQCh. 43.5 - Which of the following is the correct daughter...Ch. 43.8 - When a nucleus undergoes fission, the two daughter...Ch. 43.8 - Prob. 43.6QQCh. 43.10 - Prob. 43.7QQCh. 43 - Prob. 1PCh. 43 - Prob. 2PCh. 43 - Prob. 3PCh. 43 - Prob. 4P
Ch. 43 - Prob. 5PCh. 43 - Prob. 7PCh. 43 - Prob. 8PCh. 43 - Prob. 9PCh. 43 - Prob. 10PCh. 43 - Prob. 11PCh. 43 - Prob. 13PCh. 43 - Prob. 15PCh. 43 - Prob. 17PCh. 43 - Prob. 18PCh. 43 - Prob. 19PCh. 43 - Prob. 20PCh. 43 - Prob. 21PCh. 43 - Prob. 22PCh. 43 - Prob. 23PCh. 43 - Prob. 24PCh. 43 - Enter the correct nuclide symbol in each open tan...Ch. 43 - Prob. 26PCh. 43 - Prob. 27PCh. 43 - Prob. 28PCh. 43 - Prob. 29PCh. 43 - Prob. 30PCh. 43 - Prob. 32PCh. 43 - Prob. 33PCh. 43 - Prob. 35PCh. 43 - Prob. 37PCh. 43 - Prob. 39PCh. 43 - Prob. 41PCh. 43 - Prob. 42PCh. 43 - Prob. 44PCh. 43 - Prob. 45APCh. 43 - Prob. 46APCh. 43 - Prob. 47APCh. 43 - Prob. 48APCh. 43 - Prob. 49APCh. 43 - Prob. 50APCh. 43 - Prob. 51APCh. 43 - Prob. 52APCh. 43 - As part of his discovery of the neutron in 1932,...Ch. 43 - Prob. 55APCh. 43 - Prob. 56APCh. 43 - Prob. 58APCh. 43 - Prob. 59APCh. 43 - Prob. 60APCh. 43 - Prob. 62APCh. 43 - Prob. 63APCh. 43 - Prob. 64APCh. 43 - Prob. 65APCh. 43 - Prob. 66CP
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Find more solutions based on key concepts
Scientific Method.
Glencoe Physics: Principles and Problems, Student Edition
What discovery in the 15th century greatly advanced progress in science?
Conceptual Physical Science Explorations
Is Earths inner core solid and the outer core liquid because the inner core is cooler than the outer core? Expl...
Conceptual Integrated Science
GO You testify as an expert witness in a case involving an accident in which car A slid into the rear of car B,...
Fundamentals of Physics Extended
Why are scientists interested in the possibility of life beyond Earth?
Life in the Universe (4th Edition)
60. The solar system is 25,000 light years from the center of our Milky Way galaxy. One light year is the dista...
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: A Strategic Approach with Modern Physics (4th Edition)
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, physics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- To estimate the mass mn of neutron Chadwick directed beam of projectile neutrons all having the same velocity at two different targets of hydrogen and nitrogen. The projectile neutrons after hitting the target nuclei made them to recoil. Answer the following questions. (a) If the maximum recoil speeds of the targets are denoted by vy and VN then show that PN-PH mn = Where PN and Py are momenta of the targets. (b) Assume the measured speeds of the targets were vy = 3.3 × 10’m/s, vN = 4.7 × 106 m/s. Using these data estimate the value for mnarrow_forwardRutherford fired a beam of alpha particles (helium nuclei) at a thin sheet of gold. An alpha particle was observed to be deflected by 90.0°; its speed was unchanged. The alpha particles used in the experiment had an initial speed of 2.2 ✕ 107 m/s and a mass of 6.7 ✕ 10−27 kg. Assume the alpha particle collided with a gold nucleus that was initially at rest. Find the speed of the nucleus after the collision.arrow_forwardErnest Rutherford (the first New Zealander to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry) demonstrated that nuclei were very small and dense by scattering helium-4 nuclei (ªHe) from gold-197 nuclei (197 Au). The energy of the incoming helium nucleus was 7.28 × 10-13 J, and the masses of the helium and gold nuclei were 6.68 × 10-27 kg and 3.29 × 10-25 kg, respectively (note that their mass ratio is 4 to 197). (Assume that the helium nucleus travels in the +x direction before the collision.) (a) If a helium nucleus scatters to an angle of 136° during an elastic collision with a gold nucleus, calculate the helium nucleus' final speed (in m/s) and the final velocity (magnitude in m/s and direction counterclockwise from the +x-axis) of the gold nucleus. 4He speed 197 Au velocity t 197 Au direction 14500000 0.0140 -17 m/s X m/s ° counterclockwise from the +x-axis (b) What is the final kinetic energy (in J) of the helium nucleus? 7.02e-13 Jarrow_forward
- A 212^Bi (bismuth) nucleus undergoes alpha decay, resulting in a 208^Tl (thallium) nucleus and a 4He (helium) nucleus as per the following reaction: 212^Bi →208^Tl + 4^He The masses of each nucleus is listed in the table below. Given that the bismuth atom was at rest before the reaction, if the resulting thallium nucleus is traveling 3.3 × 105 m/s, how fast is the helium nucleus traveling?arrow_forwardErnest Rutherford (the first New Zealander to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry) demonstrated that nuclei were very small and dense by scattering helium-4 nuclei (4He) from gold-197 nuclei (197Au). The energy of the incoming helium nucleus was 7.52 ✕ 10−13 J, and the masses of the helium and gold nuclei were 6.68 ✕ 10−27 kg and 3.29 ✕ 10−25 kg, respectively (note that their mass ratio is 4 to 197). (Assume that the helium nucleus travels in the +x direction before the collision.) (a)If a helium nucleus scatters to an angle of 139° during an elastic collision with a gold nucleus, calculate the helium nucleus' final speed (in m/s) and the final velocity (magnitude in m/s and direction counterclockwise from the +x-axis) of the gold nucleus. What is the final kinetic energy (in J) of the helium nucleus?arrow_forwardRutherford fired a beam of alpha particles (helium nuclei) at a thin sheet of gold. An alpha particle was observed to be deflected by 90.0°; its speed was unchanged. The alpha particles used in the experiment had an initial speed of 2.4 ✕ 107 m/s and a mass of 6.7 ✕ 10−27 kg.Assume the alpha particle collided with a gold nucleus that was initially at rest. Find the speed of the nucleus after the collision. ?m/sarrow_forward
- Ernest Rutherford (the first New Zealander to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry) demonstrated that nuclei were very small and dense by scattering helium-4 nuclei (4He) from gold-197 nuclei (197Au). The energy of the incoming helium nucleus was 7.12 ✕ 10−13 J, and the masses of the helium and gold nuclei were 6.68 ✕ 10−27 kg and 3.29 ✕ 10−25 kg,respectively (note that their mass ratio is 4 to 197). (Assume that the helium nucleus travels in the +x direction before the collision.) (a)If a helium nucleus scatters to an angle of 119° during an elastic collision with a gold nucleus, calculate the helium nucleus' final speed (in m/s) and the final velocity (magnitude in m/s and direction counterclockwise from the +x-axis) of the gold nucleus. 4He speed ______m/s 197Au velocity____ m/s 197 Au direction 330.36 ° counterclockwise from the +x-axis (b)What is the final kinetic energy (in J) of the helium nucleus? ___________ Jarrow_forwardErnest Rutherford (the first New Zealander to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry) demonstrated that nuclei were very small and dense by scattering helium-4 nuclei (4He) from gold-197 nuclei (197Au). The energy of the incoming helium nucleus was 7.27 ✕ 10−13 J, and the masses of the helium and gold nuclei were 6.68 ✕ 10−27 kg and 3.29 ✕ 10−25 kg, respectively (note that their mass ratio is 4 to 197). (Assume that the helium nucleus travels in the +x direction before the collision.) (a) If a helium nucleus scatters to an angle of 148° during an elastic collision with a gold nucleus, calculate the helium nucleus' final speed (in m/s) and the final velocity (magnitude in m/s and direction counterclockwise from the +x-axis) of the gold nucleus 4He speed: (m/s) 197Au velocity (m/s) 197Au direction (counterclockwise from the +x-axis) (b)What is the final kinetic energy (in J) of the helium nucleus?arrow_forwardErnest Rutherford (the first New Zealander to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry) demonstrated that nuclei were very small and dense by scattering helium-4 nuclei (4He) from gold-197 nuclei (197Au). The energy of the incoming helium nucleus was 7.12 ✕ 10−13 J, and the masses of the helium and gold nuclei were 6.68 ✕ 10−27 kg and 3.29 ✕ 10−25 kg,respectively (note that their mass ratio is 4 to 197). (Assume that the helium nucleus travels in the +x direction before the collision.) (a)If a helium nucleus scatters to an angle of 119° during an elastic collision with a gold nucleus, calculate the helium nucleus' final speed (in m/s) and the final velocity (magnitude in m/s and direction counterclockwise from the +x-axis) of the gold nucleus. 4He speed_____________ m/s 197Au velocity _____________ m/s 197Au direction____________ ° counterclockwise from the +x-axis (b)What is the final kinetic energy (in J) of the helium nucleus? ______________ Jarrow_forward
- Rutherford fired a beam of alpha particles (helium nuclei) at a thin sheet of gold. An alpha particle was observed to be deflected by 90.0°; its speed was unchanged. The alpha particles used in the experiment had an initial speed of 2.4 ✕ 107 m/s and a mass of 6.7 ✕ 10−27 kg. Assume the alpha particle collided with a gold nucleus that was initially at rest. Find the speed of the nucleus after the collision. m/sarrow_forwardErnest Rutherford (the first New Zealander to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry) demonstrated that nuclei were very small and dense by scattering helium-4 nuclei (*He) from gold-197 nuclei (19/Au). The energy of the incoming helium nucleus was 7.09 x 10¬13 j, and the masses of the helium and gold nuclei were 6.68 × 10¬27 kg and 3.29 x 10-25 kg, respectively (note that their mass ratio is 4 to 197. Assume that the helium nucleus travels in the +x-direction before the collision.) (a) If a helium nucleus scatters to an angle of 115° during an elastic collision with a gold nucleus, calculate the helium nucleus' final speed (in m/s) and the final velocity (magnitude in m/s and direction counterclockwise from the +x-axis) of the gold nucleus. 120° He nucleus Gold nucleus 4He speed X m/s 14562052.73 197 Au velocity X m/s 1160023.058 197 Au direction -12.76 counterclockwise from the +x-axis (b) What is the final kinetic energy (in J) of the helium nucleus?arrow_forwardErnest Rutherford (the first New Zealander to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry) demonstrated that nuclei were very small and dense by scattering helium-4 nuclei (4He) from gold-197 nuclei (197Au ). The energy of the incoming helium nucleus was 8.00×10−13J, and the masses of the helium and gold nuclei were 6.68×10−27kg and 3.29×10−25kg, respectively (note that their mass ratio is 4 to 197). (a) If a helium nucleus scatters to an angle of 120º during an elastic collision with a gold nucleus, calculate the helium nucleus’s final speed and the final velocity (magnitude and direction) of the gold nucleus. (b) What is the final kinetic energy of the helium nucleus?arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based TextPhysicsISBN:9781133104261Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern ...PhysicsISBN:9781337553292Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage Learning
Modern PhysicsPhysicsISBN:9781111794378Author:Raymond A. Serway, Clement J. Moses, Curt A. MoyerPublisher:Cengage Learning
Classical Dynamics of Particles and SystemsPhysicsISBN:9780534408961Author:Stephen T. Thornton, Jerry B. MarionPublisher:Cengage Learning
Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based Text
Physics
ISBN:9781133104261
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern ...
Physics
ISBN:9781337553292
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Modern Physics
Physics
ISBN:9781111794378
Author:Raymond A. Serway, Clement J. Moses, Curt A. Moyer
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Classical Dynamics of Particles and Systems
Physics
ISBN:9780534408961
Author:Stephen T. Thornton, Jerry B. Marion
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Momentum | Forces & Motion | Physics | FuseSchool; Author: FuseSchool - Global Education;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DxKelGugDa8;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY