In each of Problems 1 through 26: (a) Find the general solution in terms of real functions. (b) From the roots of the characteristics equation, determine whether each critical point of the corresponding dynamical system is asymptotically stable, stable, or unstable, and classify it as to type. (c) Use the general solution obtained in part (a) to find a two parameter family of trajectories X = x 1 i + x 2 j = y i + y ' j of the corresponding dynamical system. Then sketch by hand, or use a computer, to draw a phase portrait, including any straight-line orbits, from this family of trajectories. y ' ' + 2 y ' − 8 y = 0
In each of Problems 1 through 26: (a) Find the general solution in terms of real functions. (b) From the roots of the characteristics equation, determine whether each critical point of the corresponding dynamical system is asymptotically stable, stable, or unstable, and classify it as to type. (c) Use the general solution obtained in part (a) to find a two parameter family of trajectories X = x 1 i + x 2 j = y i + y ' j of the corresponding dynamical system. Then sketch by hand, or use a computer, to draw a phase portrait, including any straight-line orbits, from this family of trajectories. y ' ' + 2 y ' − 8 y = 0
(a) Find the general solution in terms of real functions.
(b) From the roots of the characteristics equation, determine whether each critical point of the corresponding dynamical system is asymptotically stable, stable, or unstable, and classify it as to type.
(c) Use the general solution obtained in part (a) to find a two parameter family of trajectories
X
=
x
1
i
+
x
2
j
=
y
i
+
y
'
j
of the corresponding dynamical system. Then sketch by hand, or use a computer, to draw a phase portrait, including any straight-line orbits, from this family of trajectories.
Q1) Classify the following statements as a true or false statements
a. Any ring with identity is a finitely generated right R module.-
b. An ideal 22 is small ideal in Z
c. A nontrivial direct summand of a module cannot be large or small submodule
d. The sum of a finite family of small submodules of a module M is small in M
A module M 0 is called directly indecomposable if and only if 0 and M are
the only direct summands of M
f. A monomorphism a: M-N is said to split if and only if Ker(a) is a direct-
summand in M
& Z₂ contains no minimal submodules
h. Qz is a finitely generated module
i. Every divisible Z-module is injective
j. Every free module is a projective module
Q4) Give an example and explain your claim in each case
a) A module M which has two composition senes 7
b) A free subset of a modale
c) A free module
24
d) A module contains a direct summand submodule 7,
e) A short exact sequence of modules 74.
*************
*********************************
Q.1) Classify the following statements as a true or false statements:
a. If M is a module, then every proper submodule of M is contained in a maximal
submodule of M.
b. The sum of a finite family of small submodules of a module M is small in M.
c. Zz is directly indecomposable.
d. An epimorphism a: M→ N is called solit iff Ker(a) is a direct summand in M.
e. The Z-module has two composition series.
Z
6Z
f. Zz does not have a composition series.
g. Any finitely generated module is a free module.
h. If O→A MW→ 0 is short exact sequence then f is epimorphism.
i. If f is a homomorphism then f-1 is also a homomorphism.
Maximal C≤A if and only if is simple.
Sup
Q.4) Give an example and explain your claim in each case:
Monomorphism not split.
b) A finite free module.
c) Semisimple module.
d) A small submodule A of a module N and a homomorphism op: MN, but
(A) is not small in M.
Prove that
Σ
prime p≤x
p=3 (mod 10)
1
Ρ
=
for some constant A.
log log x + A+O
1
log x
"
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