Similarities between an open circulatory system and a fountain, related to flow property of hemolymph and water. Concept introduction : Circulatory system is also called as cardiovascular system or vascular system. It is an organ system that allows the blood to circulate and transport nutrients like amino acid, oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, and blood cells to and fro from the cells in the body to provide nutrients and nourishment. Parts of circulatory system: Heart Circulatory fluid A set of interconnecting vessels In this system, the blood flows through open spaces called sinuses and lacunae. Vessels are connecting links between sinuses and body cells. Exchange of materials will take place between blood and sinuses.

Question

A sample of blood was taken from the above individual and prepared for haemoglobin analysis. However, when water was added the cells did not lyse and looked normal in size and shape. The technician suspected that they had may have made an error in the protocol – what is the most likely explanation? The cell membranes are more resistant than normal. An isotonic solution had been added instead of water. A solution of 0.1 M NaCl had been added instead of water. Not enough water had been added to the red blood cell pellet. The man had sickle-cell anaemia.

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 42.1, Problem 1CC

Summary Introduction

To explain: Similarities between an open circulatory system and a fountain, related to flow property of hemolymph and water.

Concept introduction:

Circulatory system is also called as cardiovascular system or vascular system. It is an organ system that allows the blood to circulate and transport nutrients like amino acid, oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, and blood cells to and fro from the cells in the body to provide nutrients and nourishment.

Parts of circulatory system:

Heart

Circulatory fluid

A set of interconnecting vessels

In this system, the blood flows through open spaces called sinuses and lacunae. Vessels are connecting links between sinuses and body cells. Exchange of materials will take place between blood and sinuses.

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A sample of blood was taken from the above individual and prepared for haemoglobin analysis. However, when water was added the cells did not lyse and looked normal in size and shape. The technician suspected that they had may have made an error in the protocol – what is the most likely explanation? The cell membranes are more resistant than normal. An isotonic solution had been added instead of water. A solution of 0.1 M NaCl had been added instead of water. Not enough water had been added to the red blood cell pellet. The man had sickle-cell anaemia.

With reference to their absorption spectra of the oxy haemoglobin intact line) and deoxyhemoglobin (broken line) shown in Figure 2 below, how would you best explain the reason why there are differences in the major peaks of the spectra? Figure 2. SPECTRA OF OXYGENATED AND DEOXYGENATED HAEMOGLOBIN OBTAINED WITH THE RECORDING SPECTROPHOTOMETER 1.4 Abs < 0.8 06 0.4 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 540 560 580 600 nm 1. The difference in the spectra is due to a pH change in the deoxy-haemoglobin due to uptake of CO2- 2. There is more oxygen-carrying plasma in the oxy-haemoglobin sample. 3. The change in Mr due to oxygen binding causes the oxy haemoglobin to have a higher absorbance peak. 4. Oxy-haemoglobin is contaminated by carbaminohemoglobin, and therefore has a higher absorbance peak 5. Oxy-haemoglobin absorbs more light of blue wavelengths and less of red wavelengths than deoxy-haemoglobin