IA MODIFIED MASTERING BIOLOGY WITH E TEX
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780136781752
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 42, Problem 9TYU
EVOLUTION CONNECTION One opponent of the movie monster Godzilla is Mothra, a mothlike creature with a wingspan of several dozen meters. The largest known insects were Paleozoic dragonflies with half-meter wingspans. Focusing on respiration and gas exchange, explain why giant insects are improbable.
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O The toxin causes inappropriate firing of neurons leading to periods of rapid twitching that infected individuals experience as summation
leading to tetanus.
QUESTION 6
Mammalian lungs are very different in structure compared to amphibian lungs. The lungs of mammals have highly complex branching patterns of
airways. The lungs of amphibians are simpler and more sac-like. Over all, the lungs of mammals are capable of much greater rates of gas
exchange compared to amphibians. Why is this?
O The more complex structure provides more surface area across which gas exchange can occur.
O A complex structure means that gases have more contact time with gases compared to a simpler structure.
O Mammalian lungs are usually much bigger relative to their bodies compared to amphibian lungs.
O The respiratory membranes of mammals are able to diffuse gases across them much faster than amphibians.
QUESTION 7
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P Type…
One of the many mutant opponents that the movie monster Godzilla contends with is Mothra, a giant mothlike creature with a wingspan of 7-8 m. Science fiction creatures like these can be critiqued on the grounds of biomechanical and physio- logical principles. Focusing on the principles of gas exchange that you learned about in this chapter, what prob- lems would Mothra face? Why do you think truly giant insects are improbable?
QUESTION 2
Briefly describe the mechanism involved to maximize the oxygen-carbon dioxide exchange in
a fish.
Chapter 42 Solutions
IA MODIFIED MASTERING BIOLOGY WITH E TEX
Ch. 42.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 42.1 - Three-chambered hearts with incomplete septa were...Ch. 42.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 42.2 - Explain why blood has a higher 02 concentration in...Ch. 42.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 42.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 42.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 42.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 42.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 42.4 - Explain why a physician might order a white cell...
Ch. 42.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 42.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 42.4 - Prob. 4CCCh. 42.5 - Why is an internal location for gas exchange...Ch. 42.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 42.5 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Describe similarities in the...Ch. 42.6 - Prob. 1CCCh. 42.6 - Prob. 2CCCh. 42.6 - Prob. 3CCCh. 42.7 - What determines whether O2 and CO2 undergo net...Ch. 42.7 - How does the Bohr shift help deliver O2 to very...Ch. 42.7 - Prob. 3CCCh. 42 - How does the flow of a fluid in a closed...Ch. 42 - Prob. 42.2CRCh. 42 - Prob. 42.3CRCh. 42 - Prob. 42.4CRCh. 42 - Prob. 42.5CRCh. 42 - How does air in the lungs differ from the fresh...Ch. 42 - How are the roles of a respiratory pigment and an...Ch. 42 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 42 - Blood returning to the mammalian heart in a...Ch. 42 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 42 - When you hold your breath, which of the following...Ch. 42 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 42 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 42 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 42 - DRAW IT Plot blood pressure against time for one...Ch. 42 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION One opponent of the movie...Ch. 42 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 42 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 42 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: INTERACTIONS Some athletes...Ch. 42 - Prob. 13TYU
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- EVOLUTION LINK Aquatic mammals such as whales and dolphins use lungs rather than gills for gas exchange. Propose a hypothesis to explain why.arrow_forwardBats mostly hunt insects at night. They are able to determine the distance and speed of any prey they are chasing, which has helped them to become excellent nocturnal predators. One potential prey, the tiger moth, has developed two separate methods of evading predation. First, tiger moths emit a toxin that is distasteful to bats, birds, and most other vertebrate predators. Second, they use an organ called a "tymbal" to create a series of high-pitched clicks that only bats can hear, and which identify the tiger moths as something the bats don't like to eat. Bats who prey on tiger moths discover they don't taste very good, learn to identify tiger moths by their clicks, and avoid eating them. Use this information to answer the questions below. Question 1: The scenario above describes a distinct evolutionary interaction. What is it?Can you explain? Question 2: Why is it necessary for the moth to produce both a tymbal click and a toxin? Why not just a toxin? Do you think there are…arrow_forwardAnimals breathe in air that contains more oxygen than the air they breathe out. Where is oxygen consumed?arrow_forward
- Compare respiration among flatworms, insects, fish, and mammals.arrow_forwardGiven this information, and given your knowledge of what gases were thought to be present on ancient Earth, which of the following might be the function hemoglobin would have served in the earliest cells? Hemoglobin originally served to assist in the rudimentary stages of electron transport chains, as they are seen in animals currently. Hemoglobin helped to bind oxygen and deliver it to the components of ancient photosynthesis, as oxygen served as an electron carrier. Hemoglobin originally bound to nitrogen gas and help in the production of proteins and nucleic acids. Hemoglobin bound to oxygen and kept it away from other molecules in the cell, as oxygen is highly reactive and might cause damage to those molecules.arrow_forwardLungs ventilated with water occur in some animals—most notably sea cucumbers—but are rare. Why would water lungs be unlikely to be favored by natural selection? Give as many reasons as possible.arrow_forward
- With the help of labeled diagram, Discuss the mechanism of respiration in human beings.arrow_forwardIf a mouse and a small lizard of the same mass were placed in an experimental chamber under identical environmental conditions, which animal would consume oxygen at a higher rate? Explain.arrow_forwardAs discussed in the Biology and Society section, the delivery of oxygen to muscles is the limiting factor for many athletes. Some athletes seek to improve their athletic performance through blood doping, which can artificially increase athletic capacity. Other athletes achieve the same result by training at high altitude (which promotes the formation of more red blood cells by the bone marrow). If two athletes achieve exactly the same result—one due to injecting her own blood and one due to training at altitude—why do you think the former is considered cheating but the latter is not? What would you do to enforce antidoping rules in sports at all levels (high school, college, Olympic, professional)?arrow_forward
- Sponges and cnidarians have no lungs or gills. How do they exchange gases with the environment? Are humans better off having lungs? If so, how?arrow_forwardname one organism outside the animal kingdom that undergoes cellular respiration. For either scenario, you should name your example and provide a brief explanation of how that organism uses cellular respiration?arrow_forwardWhat causes air to enter human lungs? The contraction of the diaphragm increases the volume of the lungs, decreasing the pressure relative to the air outside the body. Smooth muscle in the trachea guides the flow of air into the lungs. Air diffuses into the lungs due to the decreased O2 content relative to the air outside our body. The cilia in the trachea guide the flow of air into the lungs. The decreased concentration of O2 in the lungs decreases the density of that air and denser air outside the body "sinks" into the lungs.arrow_forward
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