Concept explainers
To explain: Heart defects are the most common type of birth defects, in the single-birth group and are more or less common in the multiple birth groups than among the single birth.
Concept introduction: During the gestation period, the mother can have a single birth or multiple births. A single birth is one in which only one fetus is carried during the gestation period in the womb. A multiple birth is one in which more than one fetus is carried during the gestation period such as twins, triplets, quadruplets, and so on. Carrying more than one fetus in the womb results in the insufficient supply of nutrients to the developing fetus. These fetuses become stillborn or born with abnormalities.
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Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
- Birth Defects and Multiple Births A woman who carries multiple offspring at the same time increases the risk of some birth defects. FIGURE 42.18 shows the results of Yiwei Tang's study of birth defects reported in Florida from 1W6 to 2000. Tang compared the incidence of various defects among single and multiple births. She calculated the relative risk for each type of defect based on type of birth, and corrected for other differences that might increase risk such as maternal age, income, race, and medical care during pregnancy. A relative risk of less than 1 means that multiple births pose less risk of that defect occurring. A relative risk greater than 1 means multiples are more likely to have a defect. FIGURE 42.18 Prevalence, per 10,000 live births, of various types of birth defects among multiple aria single births. Relative risk for each defect is given after researches adjusted for the motor's age, race, previous adverse pregnancy experience, education, Medicaid participation during pregnancy, as well as the infant's sex and number of siblings. 4. Does a multiple pregnancy increase the relative risk of chromosomal defects in offspring?arrow_forwardS From the life history table below, what is the probability of survival from birth to age 2? Age (x) 0 1 2 3 O 1.0 0.0 0.8 O 0.1 O 10 Nx 1x 100 1.0 50 0.5 10 0.1 0 0.0 bx 0.0 1.8 1.0 0.0 9x 0.0 0.5 0.8 1.0arrow_forwardHow Big Should Each Offspring Be? Can you please use examples for the reading,arrow_forward
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