BIOLOGY
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781260169614
Author: Raven
Publisher: RENT MCG
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Textbook Question
Chapter 42, Problem 1DA
Data analysis Draw the resulting potentials for all possible combinations of E1, E2, and I.
Expert Solution & Answer
Summary Introduction
To draw: The illustration for resulting potentials for all possible combination of E1, E2 and I
Introduction: The graded potential arises during resting, depolarization, and action potential. The gated channels help in the movement of ions from the extracellular region to the intracellular region.
Explanation of Solution
The graded potential (mV) in the axonal membrane is shown below:
- 1-represents the weak excitation (E1)
- indicates the stronger stimulus (E2)
- represents the inhibitory stimulus (I) produced by the hyperpolarization.
- represents the sum of all resulting graded potential
Pictorial representation: Fig 1 represents resulting potentials for all possible combinations.
Fig 1: represents resulting potentials for all possible combinations.
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With regard to Na+ and K+ equilibrium potentials and the resting and active membrane potentials, write down (a-
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At the peak of the neuronal action potential, Vm is approximately +50 mV. Assuming normal intracellular and extracellular K+ concentrations ( [K+]o = 4 mM, [K+]i = 150 mM ),
what is the driving force (in mV) that acts on K+ ions at the peak of the action potential?
Chapter 42 Solutions
BIOLOGY
Ch. 42.1 - Differentiate between subdivisions of the...Ch. 42.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 42.1 - Explain the roles of the different nervous system...Ch. 42.2 - Contrast the relative concentrations of important...Ch. 42.2 - Prob. 2LOCh. 42.2 - Prob. 3LOCh. 42.3 - Prob. 1LOCh. 42.3 - Prob. 2LOCh. 42.3 - Prob. 3LOCh. 42.4 - Prob. 1LO
Ch. 42.4 - Prob. 2LOCh. 42.4 - Prob. 3LOCh. 42.5 - Describe the organization of the peripheral...Ch. 42.5 - Prob. 2LOCh. 42.5 - Prob. 3LOCh. 42.5 - Prob. 4LOCh. 42 - Data analysis Draw the resulting potentials for...Ch. 42 - Prob. 2DACh. 42 - Which of the following best describes the...Ch. 42 - The ____ cannot be controlled by conscious...Ch. 42 - Prob. 3UCh. 42 - Inhibitory neurotransmitters a. hyperpolarize...Ch. 42 - White matter is ______, and gray matter is...Ch. 42 - During an action potential a. the rising phase is...Ch. 42 - Prob. 7UCh. 42 - Imagine that you are doing an experiment on the...Ch. 42 - The Na+/K+ ATPase pump is a. not required for...Ch. 42 - Prob. 3ACh. 42 - The following is a list of the components of a...Ch. 42 - Prob. 5ACh. 42 - As you sit quietly reading this sentence, the part...Ch. 42 - G proteincoupled receptors are involved in the...Ch. 42 - Tetraethylammonium (TEA) is a drug that blocks...Ch. 42 - Describe the status of the Na+ and K+ channels at...Ch. 42 - Describe the steps required to produce an...Ch. 42 - Prob. 4S
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Compound X has been shown to block voltage-gated K+ channels with an IC50 of 0.1 mM. Which of the following is the most likely to occur in neurones following application of 0.03 mM X? Action potentials would be prolonged and the resting potential would be depolarised. Action potentials would be prolonged but the resting potential would remain the same. Neither resting potential nor action potentials would be affected because the concentration of X is less than the IC50 value. The resting membrane potential would depolarise but there would be no effect on action potentials.arrow_forwardAt the peak of the action potential, Vm is approximately -65 mV. Assuming normal intracellular and extracellular K+ concentrations (refer to the table), (1) calculate the driving force (in mV) that acts on K+ ions and (2) use the information obtained in part 1 to determine the direction in which K+ ions will flow (i.e., into the cell or out of cell)arrow_forwardGiven that the extracellular concentration of Cl- is approximately 120 mM, what is the intracellular concentration if the Nernst potential for Cl- is 39 mV. (T=298 K, R=1.987 cal/K·mol, F=23,062 cal/mol·V)arrow_forward
- Three options for each {select} box are (is negative) (is positive) or (cannot be determined)arrow_forwardWhat is equilibrium potential? Explain with an example?arrow_forwardConditions: [Na+] outside = .3 mM [Na+] inside the presynaptic cell = .01 mM [dopamine] inside = .5 mM [dopamine] outside = .001 mM ΔGinward = RT ln [X] inside/[X] outside + z F Vm F = 23,000 cal/mol V R = 1.987 cal/ mol K Membrane potential is .07 V Temperature is 273 K Using the information above and image please answer these questions : Is the concentration of sodium higher on the outside or the inside of the presynaptic cell? Would the movement of sodium be active or passive moving OUT of the presynaptic cell? SHOW your work.arrow_forward
- Conditions: [Na+] outside = .3 mM [Na+] inside the presynaptic cell = .01 mM [dopamine] inside = .5 mM [dopamine] outside = .001 mM ΔGinward = RT ln [X] inside/[X] outside + z F Vm F = 23,000 cal/mol V R = 1.987 cal/ mol K Membrane potential is .07 V Temperature is 273 K Using the attachment the information provided, please answer the following questions : Using what you know about transport across membranes, would the movement of sodium INTO the cell be active or passive? SHOW your work. 2. Using all of this information, how could you explain how dopamine can re-enter the presynaptic cell – i.e. where does the energy come from? Use the information in this question to formulate your answer.arrow_forwardConditions: [Na+] outside = .3 mM [Na+] inside the presynaptic cell = .01 mM [dopamine] inside = .5 mM [dopamine] outside = .001 mM ΔGinward = RT ln [X] inside/[X] outside + z F Vm F = 23,000 cal/mol V R = 1.987 cal/ mol K Membrane potential is .07 V Temperature is 273 K Using the attachment and information above, please answer the following questions below: ( Is the concentration of dopamine higher on the inside or the outside of the presynaptic cell? SHOW your work. 2.) Would the movement of dopamine INTO the presynaptic cell be active or passive? SHOW your work.arrow_forwardName the three phases of an action potential. Describe for each the underlying molecular basis and the ion involved. Why is the term voltage-gated channel applied to Na+ channels involved in the generation of an action potential?arrow_forward
- Is an action potential more or less likely under these conditions? Explain.arrow_forwarda) Explain in detail what is occurring at stage A in the graph. (Be specific in terms of what's happening to the ion channels in your explanation if necessary!) b) What does this graph represent as a whole? Explain the main idea it portrays. +40| -70- A 1 2 4 Time/ms Potential Difference/mV Barrow_forwardDescribe the action potential in terms of the different functional states of the voltage- gated Na+ membrane channels (Note: there are three states)arrow_forward
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