Prescott's Microbiology
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781259281594
Author: Joanne Willey, Linda Sherwood Adjunt Professor Lecturer, Christopher J. Woolverton Professor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 41.5, Problem 2.2RIA
How do champagnes differ from wines?
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Normal dive (for diving humans)
normal
breathing
dive
normal
breathing
Oz level
CO2 level
urgent need
to breathe
Oz blackout zone
high CO2 triggers breathing
6. This diagram shows rates of oxygen depletion and carbon dioxide accumulation in the blood in
relation to the levels needed to maintain consciousness and trigger the urgent need to breathe in
diving humans.
How might the location and slope of the O₂ line differ for diving marine mammals such as
whales and dolphins?
•
How might the location and slope of the CO₂ line differ for diving marine mammals such as
whales and dolphins?
•
•
Draw in predicted lines for O2 and CO2, based on your reasoning above.
How might the location of the Urgent Need to Breathe line and the O2 Blackout Zone line
differ for diving marine mammals?
What physiological mechanisms account for each of these differences, resulting in the ability
of marine mammals to stay submerged for long periods of time?
foraging/diet type
teeth
tongue
stomach
intestines
cecum
Insectivory
numerous, spiky, incisors procumbentExample: moleExample: shrew
--
simple
short
mostly lacking
Myrmecophagy
absent or reduced in numbers, peg-likeExample: tamandua anteater
extremely long
simple, often roughened
short
small or lacking
Terrestrial carnivory
sharp incisors; long, conical canines; often carnassial cheek teeth; may have crushing molarsExample: dog
--
simple
short
small
Aquatic carnivory
homodont, spiky, numerousExample: common dolphin
--
simple or multichambered (cetaceans only)
variable
small or absent
Sanguinivory
very sharp upper incisors; reduced cheek teethExample: vampire bat
grooved
tubular, highly extensible
long
small or lacking
Herbivory (except nectivores)
incisors robust or absent; canines reduced or absent; diastema; cheek teeth enlarged with complex occlusal surfacesExample: beaver
--
simple (hindgut fermenters) or multichambered (ruminants)
long
large
Filter feeding
none…
3. Shown below is the dental formula and digestive tract anatomy of three mammalian species
(A, B, and C). What kind of diet would you expect each species to have? Support your
answers with what you can infer from the dental formula and what you can see in the
diagram. Broadly speaking, what accounts for the differences?
Species A
3/3, 1/1, 4/4, 3/3
པར『ན་
cm 30
Species B
4/3, 1/1, 2/2, 4/4
cm 10
Species C
0/4, 0/0,3/3, 3/3
020
Chapter 41 Solutions
Prescott's Microbiology
Ch. 41.1 - What are some intrinsic factors that influence...Ch. 41.1 - How would the spoilage of bread differ from that...Ch. 41.1 - Why do sausage and other ground meat products...Ch. 41.1 - What extrinsic factors can determine whether food...Ch. 41.2 - MICRO INQUIRY Canned products such as vegetable...Ch. 41.2 - Describe the major approaches used in food...Ch. 41.2 - What types of chemicals can be used to preserve...Ch. 41.2 - What cellular component does HHP target? What is...Ch. 41.2 - How does nisin function? What bacterial genus...Ch. 41.2 - Prob. 5RIA
Ch. 41.2 - What are the major gases involved in MAP? How are...Ch. 41.3 - MICRO INQUIRY What foods are most prone to...Ch. 41.3 - What is the difference between a food-borne...Ch. 41.3 - What practical recommendations regarding food...Ch. 41.3 - Prob. 3RIACh. 41.3 - Members of what microbial genus produce fumonisins...Ch. 41.4 - MICRO INQUIRY Why is it important that PulseNet...Ch. 41.4 - How are most food-borne pathogens detected?Ch. 41.4 - Why is it advantageous to omit the pre-enrichment...Ch. 41.4 - How is PulseNet used in the surveillance of...Ch. 41.4 - How are most food-borne pathogens detected?Ch. 41.5 - Can you name at least two features that make these...Ch. 41.5 - What are the major types of milk fermentations?Ch. 41.5 - What are the major types of milk fermentations?Ch. 41.5 - What major steps are used to produce cheese? How...Ch. 41.5 - Prob. 1.4RIACh. 41.5 - Describe and contrast the processes of wine and...Ch. 41.5 - How do champagnes differ from wines?Ch. 41.5 - Describe how distilled spirits such as whiskey are...Ch. 41.5 - What microorganisms are most important in...Ch. 41.6 - What bacterial genera are often included in...Ch. 41.6 - How are probiotics used in agriculture?Ch. 41 - Compare the sell-by date of a package of hot dogs...Ch. 41 - You are going through a salad line in a cafeteria...Ch. 41 - Why were aflatoxins not discovered before the...Ch. 41 - What advantage might the Shiga-like toxin give E....Ch. 41 - Keep a record of what you eat for a day or two....Ch. 41 - During cheese production, LAB convert lactose to...Ch. 41 - Following recent outbreaks of E. coli O157:H7...
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- 3. Shown below is the dental formula and digestive tract anatomy of three mammalian species (A, B, and C). What kind of diet would you expect each species to have? Support your answers with what you can infer from the dental formula and what you can see in the diagram. Broadly speaking, what accounts for the differences? Species A 3/3, 1/1, 4/4, 3/3 cm 30 Species B 0/4, 0/0, 3/3, 3/3 cm 10 Species C 4/3, 1/1, 2/2, 4/4 E 0 cm 20 AILarrow_forwardNormal dive (for diving humans) normal breathing dive normal breathing Oz level CO₂ level urgent need to breathe Oz blackout zone high CO₂ triggers breathing 6. This diagram shows rates of oxygen depletion and carbon dioxide accumulation in the blood in relation to the levels needed to maintain consciousness and trigger the urgent need to breathe in diving humans. • How might the location and slope of the O2 line differ for diving marine mammals such as whales and dolphins? • How might the location and slope of the CO2 line differ for diving marine mammals such as whales and dolphins? • • Draw in predicted lines for O2 and CO2, based on your reasoning above. How might the location of the Urgent Need to Breathe line and the O2 Blackout Zone line differ for diving marine mammals? What physiological mechanisms account for each of these differences, resulting in the ability of marine mammals to stay submerged for long periods of time?arrow_forwardHow much ATP will be produced during the following metabolic scenario: Aerobic respiration of a 5mM lipid solution that is made up of one glycerol and an 8-carbon fatty acid and 12-carbon fatty acid. Recall that when glycerol breaks down to Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate it costs one ATP but your get an extra FADH2. Every two carbons of a fatty acid break down to one acetyl-CoA. Units cannot be entered in this style of question but the units of your answer should be in mM of ATP.arrow_forward
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