Prescott's Microbiology
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781259281594
Author: Joanne Willey, Linda Sherwood Adjunt Professor Lecturer, Christopher J. Woolverton Professor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 41.3, Problem 1MI
MICRO INQUIRY What foods are most prone to aflatoxin contamination?
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1. In vivo testing provides valuable insight into a drug’s kinetics. Assessing drug kinetics following multiple different routes of administration provides greater insight than just a single route of administration alone. The following data was collected in 250 g rats following bolus iv, oral (po), and intraperitoneal (ip) administration.Using this data and set of graphs, determine:
(a) k, C0, V, and AUC* for the bolus iv data (b) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the po data (c) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the ip data (d) relative bioavailability for po vs ip, Fpo/Fip (e) absolute po bioavailability, (f)Fpo absolute ip bioavailability, Fip
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2. Drug quantification from plasma is commonly performed by using techniques such as HPLC or LC/MS. However, these methods do have limitations, and investigators may choose to use a radiolabeled analog of a drug instead. Radioligands are molecules that contain radioactive isotopes, commonly 3H or 14C. This technique allows investigators to quantify drug concentration from radiation measurements. The following measurements were made in 250 g rats following oral administration of 18.2 µCi of a 14C-labeled drug of interest: Time (min) Plasma Radiation Levels (µCi/L) 0 0.0 2 9.7 4 19.2 7 25.3 9 37.8 12 39.6 14 45.8 17 48.8 20 52.0 25 56.4 30 59.2 35 60.1 40 61.1 45 62.1 50 62.8 60 63.1 70 62.1 80 60.1 90 57.3 100 55.5 110 53.7 120 52.2 150 48.0 180 45.0 240 39.0
Note that a µCi is a measure of the amount of radioactivity and hence is a measure of the amount of drug present. Given that the oral bioavailability of this drug is known to be essentially 100%, estimate the following from this…
The current nutrition labelling regulation in Hong Kong requires food manufacturer to list E+7 information on the package of pre-packaged food products. Do you think that more nutrients, such as calcium and cholesterol, shall be included?
Chapter 41 Solutions
Prescott's Microbiology
Ch. 41.1 - What are some intrinsic factors that influence...Ch. 41.1 - How would the spoilage of bread differ from that...Ch. 41.1 - Why do sausage and other ground meat products...Ch. 41.1 - What extrinsic factors can determine whether food...Ch. 41.2 - MICRO INQUIRY Canned products such as vegetable...Ch. 41.2 - Describe the major approaches used in food...Ch. 41.2 - What types of chemicals can be used to preserve...Ch. 41.2 - What cellular component does HHP target? What is...Ch. 41.2 - How does nisin function? What bacterial genus...Ch. 41.2 - Prob. 5RIA
Ch. 41.2 - What are the major gases involved in MAP? How are...Ch. 41.3 - MICRO INQUIRY What foods are most prone to...Ch. 41.3 - What is the difference between a food-borne...Ch. 41.3 - What practical recommendations regarding food...Ch. 41.3 - Prob. 3RIACh. 41.3 - Members of what microbial genus produce fumonisins...Ch. 41.4 - MICRO INQUIRY Why is it important that PulseNet...Ch. 41.4 - How are most food-borne pathogens detected?Ch. 41.4 - Why is it advantageous to omit the pre-enrichment...Ch. 41.4 - How is PulseNet used in the surveillance of...Ch. 41.4 - How are most food-borne pathogens detected?Ch. 41.5 - Can you name at least two features that make these...Ch. 41.5 - What are the major types of milk fermentations?Ch. 41.5 - What are the major types of milk fermentations?Ch. 41.5 - What major steps are used to produce cheese? How...Ch. 41.5 - Prob. 1.4RIACh. 41.5 - Describe and contrast the processes of wine and...Ch. 41.5 - How do champagnes differ from wines?Ch. 41.5 - Describe how distilled spirits such as whiskey are...Ch. 41.5 - What microorganisms are most important in...Ch. 41.6 - What bacterial genera are often included in...Ch. 41.6 - How are probiotics used in agriculture?Ch. 41 - Compare the sell-by date of a package of hot dogs...Ch. 41 - You are going through a salad line in a cafeteria...Ch. 41 - Why were aflatoxins not discovered before the...Ch. 41 - What advantage might the Shiga-like toxin give E....Ch. 41 - Keep a record of what you eat for a day or two....Ch. 41 - During cheese production, LAB convert lactose to...Ch. 41 - Following recent outbreaks of E. coli O157:H7...
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