Concept explainers
Test Your Understanding
Know and Comprehend
1. Summing incoming neural signals is part of (a) reception (b) transmission (c) integration (d) action by effectors (e) afferent neuron transmission

Introduction: Neural transmission in the animals takes place by an efficient system, which is the nervous system. The information is taken up by the neurons that transmit the information to the brain for interpretation and then responds. The information is described in the form of stimuli that is detected by neural receptors. Neurons transmit the information to the central nervous system (CNS). The processes involved in neural signalingare reception, transmission, integration, and action by effectors that brings about the actual response.
Answer to Problem 1TYU
Correct answer: Integration is the part of the nervous system, which sums up the incoming neural signals. Hence, the correct answer is option (c).
Explanation of Solution
Reason for the correct answer:
Integration involves sorting and interpreting the incoming neural signals. Here, the final summing of neural signals takes place where it determines the correct response for each signal.
Option (c) is given as “Integration”.
The final summation of the neural signals from afferent neurons is called integration, where the neural signals are interpreted. Hence, the correct answer is option (c).
Reasons for incorrect answers:
Option (a) is given as “Reception”.
Reception is the process of the nervous system where the incoming signals are received by the sensory receptors. Hence, option (a) is incorrect.
Option (b) is given as “Transmission”.
Signals after being received by the sensory receptors are transmitted to the afferent nerve, which transmits the signals to the CNS. In this process, only the transmission of neural signals occurs. Hence, option (b) is incorrect.
Option (d) is given as “action by effectors”.
Effectors respond after the signals are integrated and the response is sent to the effectors. They work after the summation of neural signals. Hence, option (d) is incorrect.
Option (e) is given as “afferent neuron transmission”.
The neural signals after being received by the sensory receptors are transmitted to the afferent neuron, which carries the signals to the CNS for interpretation and integration. Hence, option (e) is incorrect.
Hence, options (a), (b), (d), and (e) are incorrect.
In the process of neural signal transmission in the nervous system, the summation and interpretation of the incoming neural signal take place in the integration process that interprets and then determines the appropriate response.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 41 Solutions
BIOLOGY >PRINT UPGRADE<
- Ch.21 What causes patients infected with the yellow fever virus to turn yellow (jaundice)? A. low blood pressure and anemia B. excess leukocytes C. alteration of skin pigments D. liver damage in final stage of disease — What is the advantage for malarial parasites to grow and replicate in red blood cells? A. able to spread quickly B. able to avoid immune detection C. low oxygen environment for growth D. cooler area of the body for growth — Which microbe does not live part of its lifecycle outside humans? A. Toxoplasma gondii B. Cytomegalovirus C. Francisella tularensis D. Plasmodium falciparum — explain your answer thoroughlyarrow_forwardCh.22 Streptococcus pneumoniae has a capsule to protect it from killing by alveolar macrophages, which kill bacteria by… A. cytokines B. antibodies C. complement D. phagocytosis — What fact about the influenza virus allows the dramatic antigenic shift that generates novel strains? A. very large size B. enveloped C. segmented genome D. over 100 genes — explain your answer thoroughlyarrow_forwardWhat is this?arrow_forward
- Molecular Biology A-C components of the question are corresponding to attached image labeled 1. D component of the question is corresponding to attached image labeled 2. For a eukaryotic mRNA, the sequences is as follows where AUGrepresents the start codon, the yellow is the Kozak sequence and (XXX) just represents any codonfor an amino acid (no stop codons here). G-cap and polyA tail are not shown A. How long is the peptide produced?B. What is the function (a sentence) of the UAA highlighted in blue?C. If the sequence highlighted in blue were changed from UAA to UAG, how would that affecttranslation? D. (1) The sequence highlighted in yellow above is moved to a new position indicated below. Howwould that affect translation? (2) How long would be the protein produced from this new mRNA? Thank youarrow_forwardMolecular Biology Question Explain why the cell doesn’t need 61 tRNAs (one for each codon). Please help. Thank youarrow_forwardMolecular Biology You discover a disease causing mutation (indicated by the arrow) that alters splicing of its mRNA. This mutation (a base substitution in the splicing sequence) eliminates a 3’ splice site resulting in the inclusion of the second intron (I2) in the final mRNA. We are going to pretend that this intron is short having only 15 nucleotides (most introns are much longer so this is just to make things simple) with the following sequence shown below in bold. The ( ) indicate the reading frames in the exons; the included intron 2 sequences are in bold. A. Would you expected this change to be harmful? ExplainB. If you were to do gene therapy to fix this problem, briefly explain what type of gene therapy youwould use to correct this. Please help. Thank youarrow_forward
- Molecular Biology Question Please help. Thank you Explain what is meant by the term “defective virus.” Explain how a defective virus is able to replicate.arrow_forwardMolecular Biology Explain why changing the codon GGG to GGA should not be harmful. Please help . Thank youarrow_forwardStage Percent Time in Hours Interphase .60 14.4 Prophase .20 4.8 Metaphase .10 2.4 Anaphase .06 1.44 Telophase .03 .72 Cytukinesis .01 .24 Can you summarize the results in the chart and explain which phases are faster and why the slower ones are slow?arrow_forward
- Can you circle a cell in the different stages of mitosis? 1.prophase 2.metaphase 3.anaphase 4.telophase 5.cytokinesisarrow_forwardWhich microbe does not live part of its lifecycle outside humans? A. Toxoplasma gondii B. Cytomegalovirus C. Francisella tularensis D. Plasmodium falciparum explain your answer thoroughly.arrow_forwardSelect all of the following that the ablation (knockout) or ectopoic expression (gain of function) of Hox can contribute to. Another set of wings in the fruit fly, duplication of fingernails, ectopic ears in mice, excess feathers in duck/quail chimeras, and homeosis of segment 2 to jaw in Hox2a mutantsarrow_forward
- Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage LearningAnatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781938168130Author:Kelly A. Young, James A. Wise, Peter DeSaix, Dean H. Kruse, Brandon Poe, Eddie Johnson, Jody E. Johnson, Oksana Korol, J. Gordon Betts, Mark WomblePublisher:OpenStax CollegeBiology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305389892Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap...BiologyISBN:9781305073951Author:Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa StarrPublisher:Cengage LearningBiology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap...BiologyISBN:9781337408332Author:Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa StarrPublisher:Cengage Learning




