Stuck Sperm Cells lining the epididymis secrete a glycoprotein (beta-defensin) that coats sperm and facilitates their passage through cervical mucus. There are two common alleles for human beta-defensin: a wild-type allele ( wt ) and an allele with a deletion ( del ). To find out if this genetic variation could affect fertility, Gary Cherr and his colleagues tested the ability of sperm from men with different genotypes to pass through a gel barrier. The barrier was designed to simulate cenrical mucus. The researchers placed sperm on one side of the gel, then used a video camera to record how many passed into the gel over time. FIGURE 41.12 illustrates their results. FIGURE 41.12 Effect of beta defensin genotype on the ability of sperm to penetrate a gel that simulates cervical mucus. Sperm from 16 men was tested: 4wt/wt, 6wt/del, and 6 del/del . Fresh sperm were placed on one side of the gel, and a video camera was focused on a region 2.75 mm into the gel. The number of sperm in this region was recorded at one-minute intervals for six minutes. Sperm numbers shown are averages. Bars indicate range. After four minutes, how many sperm from men with a wild-type allele were in the camera's view an average?

Question

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Answer 1

Textbook Question

Chapter 41, Problem 1DAA

Stuck Sperm Cells lining the epididymis secrete a glycoprotein (beta-defensin) that coats sperm and facilitates their passage through cervical mucus. There are two common alleles for human beta-defensin: a wild-type allele (wt) and an allele with a deletion (del). To find out if this genetic variation could affect fertility, Gary Cherr and his colleagues tested the ability of sperm from men with different genotypes to pass through a gel barrier. The barrier was designed to simulate cenrical mucus. The researchers placed sperm on one side of the gel, then used a video camera to record how many passed into the gel over time. FIGURE 41.12 illustrates their results.

Chapter 41, Problem 1DAA, Stuck Sperm Cells lining the epididymis secrete a glycoprotein (beta-defensin) that coats sperm and

FIGURE 41.12 Effect of beta defensin genotype on the ability of sperm to penetrate a gel that simulates cervical mucus. Sperm from 16 men was tested: 4wt/wt, 6wt/del, and 6 del/del.

Fresh sperm were placed on one side of the gel, and a video camera was focused on a region 2.75 mm into the gel. The number of sperm in this region was recorded at one-minute intervals for six minutes. Sperm numbers shown are averages. Bars indicate range.

After four minutes, how many sperm from men with a wild-type allele were in the camera's view an average?

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

To determine: The number of sperms from men with a wild-type allele were in the camera’s view on average.

Introduction: The epididymis is a part of the male reproductive system. Through the epididymis, the sperms travel from the testis to the vas deferens.

Explanation of Solution

An experiment was performed by researcher GC and colleagues about the effect of beta-defensin genotype on the ability of sperm to penetrate a gel that can stimulate cervical mucus. The cells of the epididymis secrete a beta-defensin protein that aids the sperms to pass through the cervical mucus of the female. The research team conducted an experiment to check whether the beta-defensin has any role in fertility. One allele of the gene coding for the beta-defensin was wild-type and the other allele was a mutated one. A barrier similar to cervical mucus was created in the form of a gel. The sperms were placed at one end of the gel and a video was recorded to check how many sperms with wild-type and mutated gene passed into the gel in the course of time.

A graph was plotted for time (minutes) on the X-axis and the number of sperms on the Y-axis for both the alleles of the beta-defensin gene.

Based on the values in the graph in Fig. 41.12, post four minutes, the men who have sperms with wild-type allele for beta defensin protein had six sperms within the camera view on average.

Conclusion

On average, six sperms were within the camera view after 4 minutes.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Students have asked these similar questions

Preoperative Diagnosis: Torn medial meniscus, left knee Postoperative Diagnosis: Combination horizontal cleavage tear/flap tear, posterior horn, medial meniscus, left knee. Operation: Arthroscopic subtotal medial meniscectomy, left knee Anesthetic: General endotracheal Description of Procedure: The patient was placed on the operating table in the supine position and general endotracheal anesthesia was administered. After an adequate level of anesthesia was achieved, the patient's left lower extremity was prepped with Betadine scrubbing solution, then draped in a sterile manner. Several sites were then infiltrated with 1% Xylocaine solution with Epinephrine to help control bleeding from stab wounds to be made at these sites. These stab wounds were made anterolaterally at the level of the superior pole of the patella for insertion of an irrigation catheter into the suprapatellar pouch area, anterolaterally at the level of the joint line for insertion of the scope and anteromedially at…

UARDIAN SIGNA Life Sciences/ Baseline Test Grade 10 ry must be written in point form. pot in full sentences using NO MORE than 70 words sentences from 1 to 7. only ONE point per sentence. words as far as possible. number of words you have used in brackets at the end GDE/2024 QUESTION 3 The table below shows the results of an investigation in which the effect of temperature and light on the yield of tomatoes in two greenhouses on a farm was investigated. TEMPERATURE (°C) AVERAGE YIELD OF TOMATOES PER 3.1 PLANT (kg) LOW LIGHT LEVELS HIGH LIGHT LEVELS 5 0,5 0,5 10 1,5 2,5 15 3,0 5,0 20 3,6 8,5 25 3,5 7,8 30 2,5 6,2 State TWO steps the investigator may have taken into consideration during the planning stage of the investigation. (2) 3.2 Identify the: a) Independent variables (2) b) Dependent variable (1) 3.3 Plot a line graph showing the results of the average yield of the tomatoes from 5°C to 30°C for low light levels. (6) 3.4 State ONE way in which the scientists could have improved the…

Explain why you chose this mutation. Begin by transcribing and translating BOTH the normal and abnormal DNA sequences. The genetic code below is for your reference. SECOND BASE OF CODON כ FIRST BASE OF CODON O THIRD BASE OF CODON SCAGUCAGUGAGUCAG UUU UUC UCU UAU UGU Phenylalanine (F) Tyrosine (Y) Cysteine (C) UCC UAC UGC Serine (S) UUA UUG Leucine (L) UCA UCG_ UAA UGA Stop codon -Stop codon UAG UGG -Tryptophan (W) CUU CUC CCU CAU CGU Histidine (H) CCC CAC CGC -Leucine (L) Proline (P) CUA CCA CAA CUG CCG CAG-Glutamine (Q) -Arginine (R) CGA CGG AUU ACU AAU AGU AUC Isoleucine (1) Asparagine (N) ACC AAC Threonine (T) AUA ACA AAA Methionine (M) Lysine (K) AUG ACG Start codon AAG AGC-Serine (S) -Arginine (R) AGA AGG GUU GCU GAU GUC GUA GUG GCC Valine (V) -Alanine (A) GCA GCG GAC GAA GAG Aspartic acid (D) GGU Glutamic acid (E) GGC GGA GGG Glycine (G) In order to provide a complete answer to the question stated above, fill in the mRNA bases and amino acid sequences by using the Genetic Code…

Answer 2

Textbook Question

Chapter 41, Problem 1DAA

Stuck Sperm Cells lining the epididymis secrete a glycoprotein (beta-defensin) that coats sperm and facilitates their passage through cervical mucus. There are two common alleles for human beta-defensin: a wild-type allele (wt) and an allele with a deletion (del). To find out if this genetic variation could affect fertility, Gary Cherr and his colleagues tested the ability of sperm from men with different genotypes to pass through a gel barrier. The barrier was designed to simulate cenrical mucus. The researchers placed sperm on one side of the gel, then used a video camera to record how many passed into the gel over time. FIGURE 41.12 illustrates their results.

Chapter 41, Problem 1DAA, Stuck Sperm Cells lining the epididymis secrete a glycoprotein (beta-defensin) that coats sperm and

FIGURE 41.12 Effect of beta defensin genotype on the ability of sperm to penetrate a gel that simulates cervical mucus. Sperm from 16 men was tested: 4wt/wt, 6wt/del, and 6 del/del.

Fresh sperm were placed on one side of the gel, and a video camera was focused on a region 2.75 mm into the gel. The number of sperm in this region was recorded at one-minute intervals for six minutes. Sperm numbers shown are averages. Bars indicate range.

After four minutes, how many sperm from men with a wild-type allele were in the camera's view an average?

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

To determine: The number of sperms from men with a wild-type allele were in the camera’s view on average.

Introduction: The epididymis is a part of the male reproductive system. Through the epididymis, the sperms travel from the testis to the vas deferens.

Explanation of Solution

An experiment was performed by researcher GC and colleagues about the effect of beta-defensin genotype on the ability of sperm to penetrate a gel that can stimulate cervical mucus. The cells of the epididymis secrete a beta-defensin protein that aids the sperms to pass through the cervical mucus of the female. The research team conducted an experiment to check whether the beta-defensin has any role in fertility. One allele of the gene coding for the beta-defensin was wild-type and the other allele was a mutated one. A barrier similar to cervical mucus was created in the form of a gel. The sperms were placed at one end of the gel and a video was recorded to check how many sperms with wild-type and mutated gene passed into the gel in the course of time.

A graph was plotted for time (minutes) on the X-axis and the number of sperms on the Y-axis for both the alleles of the beta-defensin gene.

Based on the values in the graph in Fig. 41.12, post four minutes, the men who have sperms with wild-type allele for beta defensin protein had six sperms within the camera view on average.

Conclusion

On average, six sperms were within the camera view after 4 minutes.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 3

Textbook Question

Chapter 41, Problem 1DAA

Stuck Sperm Cells lining the epididymis secrete a glycoprotein (beta-defensin) that coats sperm and facilitates their passage through cervical mucus. There are two common alleles for human beta-defensin: a wild-type allele (wt) and an allele with a deletion (del). To find out if this genetic variation could affect fertility, Gary Cherr and his colleagues tested the ability of sperm from men with different genotypes to pass through a gel barrier. The barrier was designed to simulate cenrical mucus. The researchers placed sperm on one side of the gel, then used a video camera to record how many passed into the gel over time. FIGURE 41.12 illustrates their results.

Chapter 41, Problem 1DAA, Stuck Sperm Cells lining the epididymis secrete a glycoprotein (beta-defensin) that coats sperm and

FIGURE 41.12 Effect of beta defensin genotype on the ability of sperm to penetrate a gel that simulates cervical mucus. Sperm from 16 men was tested: 4wt/wt, 6wt/del, and 6 del/del.

Fresh sperm were placed on one side of the gel, and a video camera was focused on a region 2.75 mm into the gel. The number of sperm in this region was recorded at one-minute intervals for six minutes. Sperm numbers shown are averages. Bars indicate range.

After four minutes, how many sperm from men with a wild-type allele were in the camera's view an average?

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

To determine: The number of sperms from men with a wild-type allele were in the camera’s view on average.

Introduction: The epididymis is a part of the male reproductive system. Through the epididymis, the sperms travel from the testis to the vas deferens.

Explanation of Solution

An experiment was performed by researcher GC and colleagues about the effect of beta-defensin genotype on the ability of sperm to penetrate a gel that can stimulate cervical mucus. The cells of the epididymis secrete a beta-defensin protein that aids the sperms to pass through the cervical mucus of the female. The research team conducted an experiment to check whether the beta-defensin has any role in fertility. One allele of the gene coding for the beta-defensin was wild-type and the other allele was a mutated one. A barrier similar to cervical mucus was created in the form of a gel. The sperms were placed at one end of the gel and a video was recorded to check how many sperms with wild-type and mutated gene passed into the gel in the course of time.

A graph was plotted for time (minutes) on the X-axis and the number of sperms on the Y-axis for both the alleles of the beta-defensin gene.

Based on the values in the graph in Fig. 41.12, post four minutes, the men who have sperms with wild-type allele for beta defensin protein had six sperms within the camera view on average.

Conclusion

On average, six sperms were within the camera view after 4 minutes.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 4

Textbook Question

Chapter 41, Problem 1DAA

Stuck Sperm Cells lining the epididymis secrete a glycoprotein (beta-defensin) that coats sperm and facilitates their passage through cervical mucus. There are two common alleles for human beta-defensin: a wild-type allele (wt) and an allele with a deletion (del). To find out if this genetic variation could affect fertility, Gary Cherr and his colleagues tested the ability of sperm from men with different genotypes to pass through a gel barrier. The barrier was designed to simulate cenrical mucus. The researchers placed sperm on one side of the gel, then used a video camera to record how many passed into the gel over time. FIGURE 41.12 illustrates their results.

Chapter 41, Problem 1DAA, Stuck Sperm Cells lining the epididymis secrete a glycoprotein (beta-defensin) that coats sperm and

FIGURE 41.12 Effect of beta defensin genotype on the ability of sperm to penetrate a gel that simulates cervical mucus. Sperm from 16 men was tested: 4wt/wt, 6wt/del, and 6 del/del.

Fresh sperm were placed on one side of the gel, and a video camera was focused on a region 2.75 mm into the gel. The number of sperm in this region was recorded at one-minute intervals for six minutes. Sperm numbers shown are averages. Bars indicate range.

After four minutes, how many sperm from men with a wild-type allele were in the camera's view an average?

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

To determine: The number of sperms from men with a wild-type allele were in the camera’s view on average.

Introduction: The epididymis is a part of the male reproductive system. Through the epididymis, the sperms travel from the testis to the vas deferens.

Explanation of Solution

An experiment was performed by researcher GC and colleagues about the effect of beta-defensin genotype on the ability of sperm to penetrate a gel that can stimulate cervical mucus. The cells of the epididymis secrete a beta-defensin protein that aids the sperms to pass through the cervical mucus of the female. The research team conducted an experiment to check whether the beta-defensin has any role in fertility. One allele of the gene coding for the beta-defensin was wild-type and the other allele was a mutated one. A barrier similar to cervical mucus was created in the form of a gel. The sperms were placed at one end of the gel and a video was recorded to check how many sperms with wild-type and mutated gene passed into the gel in the course of time.

A graph was plotted for time (minutes) on the X-axis and the number of sperms on the Y-axis for both the alleles of the beta-defensin gene.

Based on the values in the graph in Fig. 41.12, post four minutes, the men who have sperms with wild-type allele for beta defensin protein had six sperms within the camera view on average.

Conclusion

On average, six sperms were within the camera view after 4 minutes.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 5

Textbook Question

Answer 6

Textbook Question

Answer 7

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

To determine: The number of sperms from men with a wild-type allele were in the camera’s view on average.

Introduction: The epididymis is a part of the male reproductive system. Through the epididymis, the sperms travel from the testis to the vas deferens.

Explanation of Solution

An experiment was performed by researcher GC and colleagues about the effect of beta-defensin genotype on the ability of sperm to penetrate a gel that can stimulate cervical mucus. The cells of the epididymis secrete a beta-defensin protein that aids the sperms to pass through the cervical mucus of the female. The research team conducted an experiment to check whether the beta-defensin has any role in fertility. One allele of the gene coding for the beta-defensin was wild-type and the other allele was a mutated one. A barrier similar to cervical mucus was created in the form of a gel. The sperms were placed at one end of the gel and a video was recorded to check how many sperms with wild-type and mutated gene passed into the gel in the course of time.

A graph was plotted for time (minutes) on the X-axis and the number of sperms on the Y-axis for both the alleles of the beta-defensin gene.

Based on the values in the graph in Fig. 41.12, post four minutes, the men who have sperms with wild-type allele for beta defensin protein had six sperms within the camera view on average.

Conclusion

On average, six sperms were within the camera view after 4 minutes.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

To determine: The number of sperms from men with a wild-type allele were in the camera’s view on average.

Introduction: The epididymis is a part of the male reproductive system. Through the epididymis, the sperms travel from the testis to the vas deferens.

Explanation of Solution

An experiment was performed by researcher GC and colleagues about the effect of beta-defensin genotype on the ability of sperm to penetrate a gel that can stimulate cervical mucus. The cells of the epididymis secrete a beta-defensin protein that aids the sperms to pass through the cervical mucus of the female. The research team conducted an experiment to check whether the beta-defensin has any role in fertility. One allele of the gene coding for the beta-defensin was wild-type and the other allele was a mutated one. A barrier similar to cervical mucus was created in the form of a gel. The sperms were placed at one end of the gel and a video was recorded to check how many sperms with wild-type and mutated gene passed into the gel in the course of time.

A graph was plotted for time (minutes) on the X-axis and the number of sperms on the Y-axis for both the alleles of the beta-defensin gene.

Based on the values in the graph in Fig. 41.12, post four minutes, the men who have sperms with wild-type allele for beta defensin protein had six sperms within the camera view on average.

Conclusion

On average, six sperms were within the camera view after 4 minutes.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Summary Introduction

To determine: The number of sperms from men with a wild-type allele were in the camera’s view on average.

Introduction: The epididymis is a part of the male reproductive system. Through the epididymis, the sperms travel from the testis to the vas deferens.

Answer 12

Explanation of Solution

An experiment was performed by researcher GC and colleagues about the effect of beta-defensin genotype on the ability of sperm to penetrate a gel that can stimulate cervical mucus. The cells of the epididymis secrete a beta-defensin protein that aids the sperms to pass through the cervical mucus of the female. The research team conducted an experiment to check whether the beta-defensin has any role in fertility. One allele of the gene coding for the beta-defensin was wild-type and the other allele was a mutated one. A barrier similar to cervical mucus was created in the form of a gel. The sperms were placed at one end of the gel and a video was recorded to check how many sperms with wild-type and mutated gene passed into the gel in the course of time.

A graph was plotted for time (minutes) on the X-axis and the number of sperms on the Y-axis for both the alleles of the beta-defensin gene.

Based on the values in the graph in Fig. 41.12, post four minutes, the men who have sperms with wild-type allele for beta defensin protein had six sperms within the camera view on average.