Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780321962751
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 40.6, Problem 2CC
WHAT IF? Mice that experience stress such as a food shortage will sometimes abandon their young. Explain how this behavior might have evolved in the context of reproductive trade-offs and life history.
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K-selected reproductive strategies are favoured when adult survival is high, and populations are close to their carrying capacities. Explain the role of allocation in the evolution of such strategies in guppies
Iti do a cohort study on some new cute animal, and I discover that most of the individuals die at a relatively young age, and only a few live close to the maximum age for the species, what
would you predict about the reproductive strategy of this species?
O They probably produce relatively few offspring and invest a lot of parental care into each offspring.
O They probably produce a lot of offspring, and invest a lot of parental care into each one.
O They probably produce a lot of offspring but do not invest much parental care in any individual offspring
O They probably produce offspring only after individuals manage to live to close to their maximum age
Need help
Multiple choice
Fewer than 3% of animals engage in direct care of their offspring. When might the benefits of parental care outweigh the costs?
Choose the correct option and Explain why you choose that answer.
a) All of the options.
b) Species that feed on resources with high foraging effort (e.g., smaller insect prey versus larger insect prey).
c) Species with highly immature young, for instance those with large brains that have long learning periods.
d) Species with limited breeding opportunities.
Chapter 40 Solutions
Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
Ch. 40.1 - Explain how the suns unequal heating of Earths...Ch. 40.1 - WHAT IF? If global warming increases average...Ch. 40.2 - Why are phytoplankton and not benthic algae or...Ch. 40.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 40.2 - WHAT IF? Water leaving a reservoir behind the dam...Ch. 40.3 - Give examples of human actions that could expand a...Ch. 40.3 - WHAT IF? You suspect that deer are restricting the...Ch. 40.4 - DRAW IT Each female of a particular fish species...Ch. 40.4 - Imagine that you are constructing a life table for...Ch. 40.4 - Prob. 3CC
Ch. 40.5 - Explain why a constant rate of increase (r) for a...Ch. 40.5 - Explain why a population that fits the logistic...Ch. 40.5 - Prob. 3CCCh. 40.6 - Prob. 1CCCh. 40.6 - WHAT IF? Mice that experience stress such as a...Ch. 40.6 - Prob. 3CCCh. 40 - Which of the following biomes is correctly paired...Ch. 40 - A populations carrying capacity A. may change as...Ch. 40 - When climbing a mountain, we can observe...Ch. 40 - According to the logistic growth equation...Ch. 40 - WHAT IF? If the direction of Earths rotation...Ch. 40 - INTERPRET THE DATA After examining Figure 40.13,...Ch. 40 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY Jens Clausen and colleagues, at...Ch. 40 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 40 - FOCUS ON INTERACTIONS In a short essay (100-150...Ch. 40 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE Locusts (a type of...
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- INTERPRET DATA Look at the two graphs in Figure 52-21. In which experiment did the parentals in the experimental group guard the eggs more closely? In which experiment did the experimental parentals guard the young more closely? Account for these differences. RESULTS: Experiment 1: As indicated on the y-axis, which measures level of parental care, parentals reduced their level of guarding the eggs. Eight of the males in the experimental group abandoned their nests, and egg defense was significantly lower in this group compared with that in the control group. However, after eggs hatched, there was little difference in parental care of the young between the two groups. Experiment 2: During the egg phase, there was little difference in level of parental care between experimental and control groups. However, after eggs hatched, the experimental parentals significantly decreased their level of guarding the nest. CONCLUSION: Male bluegill sunfish adjust their level of parental care according to their level of perceived paternity. In Experiment 1, parentals provided less care when they perceived that the eggs may have been fertilized by sneaker males. After the eggs hatched, olfactory cues indicated that the offspring were indeed their own, and their level of care increased. In Experiment 2, parentals cared for the eggs even though some had been swapped. However, after they hatched, olfactory cues from the offspring indicated that they were not the parentals own offspring. The level of parental care decreased significantly. SOURCE: B.D. Neff, Nature, Vol. 422 (April 17, 2003): 716719. Figure 52-21 Decisions about parental carearrow_forwardIn the eclectus parrot (Eclectus roratus), mothers sometimes take parental favoritism to extreme lengths by killing their sons, but never their daughters (Heinsohn et al. 2011). Sex-specific infanticide occurs more often at nests that can be flooded during the rainy season. Sons spend longer in the nest than daughters. Link this factor to why it might be adaptive for a parent parrot to kill a son in a vulnerable nest occupied by offspring of both sexes. Don't write from any online source..arrow_forwardWHAT IF? Suppose you applied Hamilton’s logic to asituation in which one individual is past reproductiveage. Could there still be selection for an altruistic act?arrow_forward
- Infanticide by adult males… Group of answer choices is rare in most primate groups is not resisted by females, including the mother may be a strategy used to maximize an individual’s own reproductive success is performed as a means of intentional population control to limit overpopulation appears to serve no function other than domination of a group by a new alpha malearrow_forwardResearch and find a K-selected species (other than humans), and explain the pressures and resources that impact this strategy. Also explain how your chosen organism works to combat pressures of selection, resource availability, and environmental stressors that impact successful offspring production.arrow_forwardQ2.16. When heavily armored marine sticklebacks have invaded freshwater lakes where there are no predatory fish, their populations have evolved lighter body armor. Given what you've learned about evolution, which of the following explanations for why this happens is most plausible? O Young sticklebacks only grow heavy armor when they see predatory fish in their environment. O When sticklebacks don't use their armor, it shrinks. Then they pass lighter armor to their offspring. Concentrated pollutants in freshwater lakes disrupt the sticklebacks' ability to grow armor. O Heavily armored fish grow more slowly and breed later, making armor disadvantageous in these lakes.arrow_forward
- Q1: Chihuahua and Great Dane dogs are of the same species but do not usually mate, why? A. Because chihuahua are usually located in Asia and Great Danes are from EuropeB. Because their reproductive organs are not compatibleC. Because their sperm and their egg will not recognize each otherD. Because chihuahua/great dane do not recognize the courtship of each other Q2: During his time, even if his contributions to the field of taxonomy is significant, he did not believe that resemblances are due to evolution, but of the Divine creation. A. Jean-Baptiste LamarckB, Gregor MendelC. Carolus LinnaeusD. Charles Darwin Q3: This theory suggests that eukaryotic cells emerged from prokaryotic cells. A. EndosymbiosisB. Theory of Use and DisuseC. PhagocytosisD. Speciation Theoryarrow_forwardAnswer Plz.arrow_forwardIn the greater ani (Crotophaga major) (Riehl 2011) and the acorn woodpecker (Melanerpes formicivorus) (Koenig et al. 1995), a group of females shares the same nest. However, when some females begin to lay eggs in the communal nest, their eggs are often tossed from the nest by other group members. Use a cost–benefit approach to explain why females whose eggs are destroyed still remain with the group. Do you think the egg-tossing females are really cooperating with the others in their group? Please Do not write from an online sourcearrow_forward
- Describe the advantage of using an aural or pheromone signal to attract a mate as opposed to a visual signal. How might the population density contribute to the evolution of aural or visual mating rituals?arrow_forwardMating success Reproductive success Mating success 80 80 Reproductive success 15 12 60 60 12 40 40 6. 20 20 3. 15 30 30 12 6. 20 20 4 10 10 2. 0 1 2 3 4 5 Number of mates 0 100 200 300 Number of offspring 0 1 2 34 Number of mates 0 40 80 120 Number of offspring Figure 2. Distributions showing variation in mating and reproductive success in male (upper) and female (lower) of Rough-Skinned Newts (left) and Broad-nosed Pipefish (right). 2. In which of the two species would you predict the costs of reproduction between males and females is more similar and why? Number of females Number of malesarrow_forwardMating success Reproductive success Mating success 80 80 Reproductive success 15 12 60 60 12 40 40 6. 20 20 3. 15 30 30 12 6. 20 20 4 10 10 2. 0 1 2 3 4 5 Number of mates 0 100 200 300 Number of offspring 0 1 2 34 Number of mates 0 40 80 120 Number of offspring Figure 2. Distributions showing variation in mating and reproductive success in male (upper) and female (lower) of Rough-Skinned Newts (left) and Broad-nosed Pipefish (right). 3. Which species would you predict would exhibit the greatest degree of sexual dimorphism? Use sexual selection theory to support your answer.arrow_forward
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