Concept explainers
To review:
The division of autonomic nervous system predominates in two different situations: (a) An individual is hiking on a trail and suddenly a bear appears in your path and (b) It is a hot and sunny day, finding a tree you sit under.
Introduction:
The ANS (autonomic nervous system) is the part of the human’s nervous system that play a critical role in the control of the involuntary actions of the body. Nerves, smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, endocrine glands, and some exocrine glands constitute the autonomic nervous system. It further, has two divisions, namely, parasympathetic and sympathetic, which have opposite actions controlling the involuntary actions of the body in opposite situation.
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Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
- Voschin sustained major head trauma in an automobile accident. She is unresponsive to sensory stimuli, and scans of her cerebral cortex demonstrate no cortical activity. During a surgical procedure to relieve pressure on her brain, it is discovered that she has sustained major damage to her thalamus. How does the damage to her thalamus explain her symptoms?arrow_forwardChoose the correct division of the ANS that generates the following results: S = sympathetic; P = parasympathetic. 11. sweaty palms 12. blushing 13. urination 14. stomach churning 15. salivary gland secretion 16. constriction of pupils 17. increased blood pressure 18. increased respiration 19. decreased heart rate 20. digestive enzyme secretionsarrow_forwardThe following event received worldwide attention in 1962: A boy playing in a train yard fell under a train, and his right arm was cut off cleanly by the wheels. Surgeons reattached the arm, sewing nerves and vessels back together. The surgery proceeded very well. The arm immediately regained its blood supply, yet the boy could not move the limb or feel anything in it for months. Explain why it took longer to reestablish innervation than circulation.arrow_forward
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- Relate each of the following terms or phrases to either the sympathetic (S) or parasympathetic (P) division of the autonomic nervous system:arrow_forwardIn the limbic stream through the basal ganglia, the basal ganglia output projects from what region? Question 12 options: A) External segment of the globus pallidus B) Ventral pallidum C) Putamen D) Internal segment of the globus pallidus E) Striatumarrow_forwardBased on the attached figure (Fig. Box 18B of the textbook), what is the output structure of the basal ganglia for the limbic loop? NON-MOTOR LOOPS Oculomotor loop Prefrontal loop Limbic loop MOTOR LOOPS Body movement loop Primary motor, premotor, supplementary motor cortex Frontal eye field, supplementary eye field Frontal cortex Cortical input Thalamus Pallidum Striatum Motor, premotor, somatosensory cortex Putamen Cortical targets Cortical targets Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex Posterior pariétal, prefrontal cortex Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex Caudate (body) Anterior caudate Cortical targets Anterior cingulate, orbitofrontal cortex Amygdala, hippocampus, orbitofrontal, anterior cingulate, temporal cortex Ventral striatum (nucleus accumbens) Ventral HA Globus pallidus, internal segment Globus pallidus, Internal segment; substantia nigra pars reticulata Globus pallidus, internal segment substantia nigra pars reticulata pallidum Ventral lateral and ventral anterior nuclei Mediodorsal…arrow_forward
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