Electrical Circuits and Modified MasteringEngineering - With Access
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780133992793
Author: NILSSON
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 4, Problem 83P
To determine
Using PSPICE find the percentage of the total power developed in the given circuit delivered to variable resistor
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Charge carrier concentration in doped semiconductor:
compensation
n = Na - Na
Na - Na >> ni
n-type
p = n₁²/n
2
if N₂ >> N₁, n = N₁_ and _p=n² / Na
d
p = Na-Nd
p-type
Na-Na >> n₁
d
2
n = n₁₂²/p
2
if N₁ >> N₁, p = N₁ and n = n² / Na
a
n-type
Dopant compensation: Examples
d
n = Na-N₁ = 4×10¹ cm¯
-3
++++++
n = 4×1016 cm-³
N=6×1016 cm-3
p=n/n=1020/4×1016 = 2.5×10³ cm
p-type
-3
p=Na-N₁ =8×10 −6×1016 = 2×10¹6 cm³
n=n²/p=1020/2×101 =5×10³ cm³
N2×1016 cm³
++++++
N=6x1016 cm-3
N = 8×1016 cm-3
p=2×1016 cm³
The resulting charge carrier concentration in compensated semiconductor
approximately equals the difference between the donor and acceptor concentrations.
Charge carrier concentration in n-type and p-type semiconductors
1. Calculate concentrations of electrons and holes at room
temperature in Si containing 2x1017 cm³ of donors and 8x1016
-3
cm³ of acceptors. Assume that Na, Nd >> n;.
αν
2. Calculate concentrations of electrons and holes at room
temperature in Ge containing 2x10¹7 cm³ of…
lonization energy of dopants in semiconductors
lonization energy of shallow donors and acceptors can be evaluated using
hydrogenic model:
lonization energy E Hion and orbital radius a, of hydrogen atom
Hydrogen Atom
moe4
EHion
= 13.6 eV a =
8ε²h²
Απερη
mee²
= 5.2918 x 10-11 m
lonization energy Eion and orbital radius D,A of donors
and acceptors
electron
m* e4
Eion
=
~50 meV
8K² &²h²
4πεερη2
"D,A
1 nm
m*e²
Orbit of an electron bound to a
donor in a semiconductor crystal.
Energy levels of donors and acceptors
Conduction Band
↓
Ec
-Ed
Donor Level
Donor ionization energy
Acceptor ionization energy
Acceptor Level
Εα
Ev
Valence Band
Ionization energy of selected donors and acceptors in silicon
Donors
Acceptors
Dopant
Sb
P
As
B
Al In
Ionization energy, Ec-Ed or Ea-E, (meV) 39
44
54
45
57
160
Hydrogenic model of donors and acceptors
Calculate the ionization energies and orbit radii of donors and acceptors
in Si and Ge.
Dielectric constant of silicon is k = 11.7.
Dielectric constant of…
Chapter 4 Solutions
Electrical Circuits and Modified MasteringEngineering - With Access
Ch. 4.2 - a) For the circuit shown, use the node-voltage...Ch. 4.2 - Use the node-voltage method to find v in the...Ch. 4.3 - Use the node-voltage method to find the power...Ch. 4.4 - Use the node-voltage method to find vo in the...Ch. 4.4 - Use the node-voltage method to find v in the...Ch. 4.4 - Use the node-voltage method to find v1 in the...Ch. 4.5 - Use the mesh-current method to find (a) the power...Ch. 4.6 - Determine the number of mesh-current equations...Ch. 4.6 - Use the mesh-current method to find vo in the...Ch. 4.7 - Use the mesh-current method to find the power...
Ch. 4.7 - Use the mesh-current method to find the mesh...Ch. 4.7 - Use the mesh-current method to find the power...Ch. 4.8 - Find the power delivered by the 2 A current source...Ch. 4.8 - Find the power delivered by the 4 A current source...Ch. 4.9 - Use a series of source transformations to find the...Ch. 4.10 - Find the Thévenin equivalent circuit with respect...Ch. 4.10 - Prob. 17APCh. 4.10 - Prob. 18APCh. 4.11 - Find the Thévenin equivalent circuit with respect...Ch. 4.11 - Find the Thévenin equivalent circuit with respect...Ch. 4.12 - Find the value of R that enables the circuit shown...Ch. 4.12 - Assume that the circuit in Assessment Problem 4.21...Ch. 4 - For the circuit shown in Fig. P4.1, state the...Ch. 4 - If only the essential nodes and branches are...Ch. 4 - Assume the voltage vs in the circuit in Fig. P4.3...Ch. 4 - A current leaving a node is defined as...Ch. 4 - How many separate parts does the circuit in Fig....Ch. 4 - Use the node-voltage method to find vo in the...Ch. 4 - Find the power developed by the 40 mA current...Ch. 4 - A 50 Ω resistor is connected in series with the 40...Ch. 4 - Use the node-voltage method to find how much power...Ch. 4 - Use the node-voltage method to show that the...Ch. 4 - Use the node-voltage method to find the branch...Ch. 4 - Use the node-voltage method to find v1 and v2 in...Ch. 4 - Use the node-voltage method to find v1 and v2 in...Ch. 4 - Use the node-voltage method to find v1, v2, and v3...Ch. 4 - The circuit shown in Fig. P4.14 is a dc model of a...Ch. 4 - Use the node-voltage method to find the total...Ch. 4 - Use the node-voltage method to find vo in the...Ch. 4 - Use the node-voltage method to calculate the power...Ch. 4 - Use the node-voltage method to find the total...Ch. 4 - Use the node voltage method to find vo for the...Ch. 4 - Find the node voltages v1, v2, and v3 in the...Ch. 4 - Use the node-voltage method to find υ0 and the...Ch. 4 - Use the node-voltage method to find the value of...Ch. 4 - Use the node-voltage method to find io in the...Ch. 4 - Use the node-voltage method to find the power...Ch. 4 - Use the node-voltage method to find vo in the...Ch. 4 - Use the node-voltage method to find the branch...Ch. 4 - Use the node-voltage method to find the value of...Ch. 4 - Assume you are a project engineer and one of your...Ch. 4 - Use the node-voltage method to find the power...Ch. 4 - Show that when Eqs. 4.13, 4.14, and 4.16 are...Ch. 4 - Use the mesh-current method to find the branch...Ch. 4 - Solve Problem 4.11 using the mesh-current...Ch. 4 - Solve Problem 4.14 using the mesh-current...Ch. 4 - Solve Problem 4.26 using the mesh-current...Ch. 4 - Use the mesh-current method to find the total...Ch. 4 - Solve Problem 4.25 using the mesh-current...Ch. 4 - Solve Problem 4.17 using the mesh-current...Ch. 4 - Use the mesh-current method to find the power...Ch. 4 - Use the mesh-current method to find the power...Ch. 4 - Use the mesh-current method to find υ0 in the...Ch. 4 - Use mesh-current method to find the power...Ch. 4 -
Use the mesh-current method to solve for iΔ in...Ch. 4 - Solve Problem 4.10 using the mesh-current...Ch. 4 - Solve Problem 4.21 using the mesh-current...Ch. 4 - Use the mesh-current method to find the total...Ch. 4 - Use the mesh-current method to find how much power...Ch. 4 - Use the mesh-current method to determine which...Ch. 4 - Use the mesh-current method to find the total...Ch. 4 - Prob. 50PCh. 4 - Solve Problem 4.23 using the mesh-current...Ch. 4 - Use the mesh-current method to find the branch...Ch. 4 - Find the branch currents ia − ie for the circuit...Ch. 4 - Assume you have been asked to find the power...Ch. 4 - A 4 kΩ resistor is placed in parallel with the 10...Ch. 4 - Would you use the node-voltage or mesh- current...Ch. 4 - Prob. 57PCh. 4 - The variable de voltage source in the circuit in...Ch. 4 - Make a series of source transformations to find...Ch. 4 - Prob. 60PCh. 4 - Use source transformations to find the current io...Ch. 4 - Use a series of source transformations to find i0...Ch. 4 - Use source transformations to find vo in the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 64PCh. 4 - Find the Norton equivalent with respect to the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 66PCh. 4 - Find the Thévenin equivalent with respect to the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 68PCh. 4 - A Thévenin equivalent can also be determined from...Ch. 4 - Prob. 70PCh. 4 - Prob. 71PCh. 4 - Prob. 72PCh. 4 - The Wheatstone bridge in the circuit shown in Fig....Ch. 4 - Prob. 74PCh. 4 - Find the Norton equivalent with respect to the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 76PCh. 4 - Prob. 77PCh. 4 - Find the Thévenin equivalent with respect to the...Ch. 4 - Find the Thévenin equivalent with respect to the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 80PCh. 4 - Find the Norton equivalent with respect to the...Ch. 4 - The variable resistor in the circuit in Fig. P4.82...Ch. 4 - Prob. 83PCh. 4 - a) Calculate the power delivered for each value of...Ch. 4 - Find the value of the variable resistor Ro in the...Ch. 4 - A variable resistor R0 is connected across the...Ch. 4 - The variable resistor (R0) in the circuit in Fig....Ch. 4 - The variable resistor in the circuit in Fig. P4.91...Ch. 4 - The variable resistor (RL) in the circuit in Fig....Ch. 4 - The variable resistor (RO) in the circuit in Fig....Ch. 4 - In the circuit in Fig. P4.92, before the 5 mA...Ch. 4 - Use the principle of superposition to find the...Ch. 4 -
Use superposition to solve for and υ0 in the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 95PCh. 4 - Use the principle of superposition to find the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 97PCh. 4 - Use the principle of superposition to find the...Ch. 4 - Assume your supervisor has asked you to determine...Ch. 4 - Prob. 100PCh. 4 - Prob. 101PCh. 4 - Prob. 102PCh. 4 - Laboratory measurements or a dc voltage source...Ch. 4 - Prob. 104PCh. 4 - Prob. 105PCh. 4 - Repeat Problem 4.105 if Ig2 increases to 17 A and...Ch. 4 - Prob. 107PCh. 4 - Use the results given in Table 4.2 to predict the...
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