The reason why Dalton’s assumption that all the atoms of the same element are identical in all their properties is not valid. Concept introduction: Dalton’s atomic theory states that elements are made of tiny particles called atoms. Furthermore, he assumes that the atoms of a given element are identical based on key observations within the eighteenth century. However, this was valid only until the discovery of neutrons. This lead to the speculation, that atom of a given element must have same number of protons and electrons but can have different number of neutrons. (Atoms that are identical in terms of protons and electrons but are different in the number of neutrons are known as isotopes. Hence, the atoms of a given element were no longer identical as they could differ in the number of neutrons.

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> You are trying to decide if there is a single reagent you can add that will make the following synthesis possible without any other major side products: 1. ☑ CI 2. H3O+ O Draw the missing reagent X you think will make this synthesis work in the drawing area below. If there is no reagent that will make your desired product in good yield or without complications, just check the box under the drawing area and leave it blank. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. Explanation Check ? DO 18 Ar B © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Center | Accessibility

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Chapter 4, Problem 7ALQ

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason why Dalton’s assumption that all the atoms of the same element are identical in all their properties is not valid.

Concept introduction:

Dalton’s atomic theory states that elements are made of tiny particles called atoms. Furthermore, he assumes that the atoms of a given element are identical based on key observations within the eighteenth century. However, this was valid only until the discovery of neutrons. This lead to the speculation, that atom of a given element must have same number of protons and electrons but can have different number of neutrons.

(Atoms that are identical in terms of protons and electrons but are different in the number of neutrons are known as isotopes. Hence, the atoms of a given element were no longer identical as they could differ in the number of neutrons.

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> You are trying to decide if there is a single reagent you can add that will make the following synthesis possible without any other major side products: 1. ☑ CI 2. H3O+ O Draw the missing reagent X you think will make this synthesis work in the drawing area below. If there is no reagent that will make your desired product in good yield or without complications, just check the box under the drawing area and leave it blank. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. Explanation Check ? DO 18 Ar B © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Center | Accessibility

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