EBK THE COSMIC PERSPECTIVE
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780135161760
Author: Voit
Publisher: VST
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Chapter 4, Problem 5VSC
Use the following questions to check your understanding of some of the many types of visual information used in astronomy. For additional practice, try the Chapter 4 Visual Quiz at MasteringAsrrononry®.
The figure above, based on figure 4.24, shows how the Moon causes tides on Earth. Note that the North Pole is in the center of the diagram, so the numbers 1 through 4 label points along Earth's equator.
5. The light blue ellipse represents tidal bulges. In what way are these bulges drawn inaccurately?
a. There should be only one bulge rather than two.
b. They should be aligned with the Sun rather than the Moon.
c. They should be much smaller compared to Earth.
d. They should be more pointy in shape.
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Learning Goal:
To understand the meaning and the basic applications of
pV diagrams for an ideal gas.
As you know, the parameters of an ideal gas are
described by the equation
pV = nRT,
where p is the pressure of the gas, V is the volume of
the gas, n is the number of moles, R is the universal gas
constant, and T is the absolute temperature of the gas. It
follows that, for a portion of an ideal gas,
pV
= constant.
Τ
One can see that, if the amount of gas remains constant,
it is impossible to change just one parameter of the gas:
At least one more parameter would also change. For
instance, if the pressure of the gas is changed, we can
be sure that either the volume or the temperature of the
gas (or, maybe, both!) would also change.
To explore these changes, it is often convenient to draw a
graph showing one parameter as a function of the other.
Although there are many choices of axes, the most
common one is a plot of pressure as a function of
volume: a pV diagram.
In this problem, you…
Learning Goal:
To understand the meaning and the basic applications of
pV diagrams for an ideal gas.
As you know, the parameters of an ideal gas are
described by the equation
pV = nRT,
where p is the pressure of the gas, V is the volume of
the gas, n is the number of moles, R is the universal gas
constant, and T is the absolute temperature of the gas. It
follows that, for a portion of an ideal gas,
pV
= constant.
T
One can see that, if the amount of gas remains constant,
it is impossible to change just one parameter of the gas:
At least one more parameter would also change. For
instance, if the pressure of the gas is changed, we can
be sure that either the volume or the temperature of the
gas (or, maybe, both!) would also change.
To explore these changes, it is often convenient to draw a
graph showing one parameter as a function of the other.
Although there are many choices of axes, the most
common one is a plot of pressure as a function of
volume: a pV diagram.
In this problem, you…
■ Review | Constants
A cylinder with a movable piston contains 3.75 mol
of N2 gas (assumed to behave like an ideal gas).
Part A
The N2 is heated at constant volume until 1553 J of heat have been added. Calculate the change in
temperature.
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Suppose the same amount of heat is added to the N2, but this time the gas is allowed to expand while
remaining at constant pressure. Calculate the temperature change.
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Chapter 4 Solutions
EBK THE COSMIC PERSPECTIVE
Ch. 4 - Prob. 1VSCCh. 4 - Use the following questions to check your...Ch. 4 - Use the following questions to check your...Ch. 4 - Use the following questions to check your...Ch. 4 - Use the following questions to check your...Ch. 4 - Define speed, velocity, and acceleration. What are...Ch. 4 - Define momentum and force. What do we mean when we...Ch. 4 - What is free-fall, and why does it make you...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4EAPCh. 4 - Describe the laws of conservation of momentum, of...
Ch. 4 - Define kinetic energy, radiative energy, and...Ch. 4 - Define temperature and thermal energy. How are...Ch. 4 - Prob. 8EAPCh. 4 - 9. Summarize the universal law of gravitation both...Ch. 4 - 10. What is the difference between a bound and an...Ch. 4 - What do we need to know if we want to measure an...Ch. 4 - Explain why orbits cannot change spontaneously,...Ch. 4 - Explain how the Moon creates tides on Earth. Why...Ch. 4 - What is tidal friction? What effects does it have...Ch. 4 - Does It Make Sense?
Decide whether the statement...Ch. 4 - Does It Make Sense?
Decide whether the statement...Ch. 4 - Does It Make Sense?
Decide whether the statement...Ch. 4 - Does It Make Sense?
Decide whether the statement...Ch. 4 - Prob. 19EAPCh. 4 - Prob. 20EAPCh. 4 - Does It Make Sense? Decide whether the statement...Ch. 4 - Does It Make Sense?
Decide whether the statement...Ch. 4 - Does It Make Sense?
Decide whether the statement...Ch. 4 - Does It Make Sense?
Decide whether the statement...Ch. 4 - Choose the best answer to each of the following....Ch. 4 - Choose the best answer to each of the following....Ch. 4 - Choose the best answer to each of the following....Ch. 4 - Choose the best answer to each of the following....Ch. 4 - Choose the best answer to each of the following....Ch. 4 - Prob. 30EAPCh. 4 - Prob. 31EAPCh. 4 - Choose the best answer to each of the following....Ch. 4 - Choose the best answer to each of the following....Ch. 4 - Choose the best answer to each of the following....Ch. 4 - Prob. 35EAPCh. 4 - Testing Gravity. Scientists are continually trying...Ch. 4 - Prob. 38EAPCh. 4 - Prob. 39EAPCh. 4 - Prob. 40EAPCh. 4 - Weightlessness. Astronauts are weightless when in...Ch. 4 - Units of Acceleration. If you drop a rock from a...Ch. 4 - Gravitational Potential Energy. For each of the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 44EAPCh. 4 - The Gravitational Law. How does quadrupling the...Ch. 4 - Allowable Orbits? Suppose the Sun were replaced by...Ch. 4 - Head-to-Foot Tides. You and Earth attract each...Ch. 4 - Prob. 48EAPCh. 4 - Geostationary Orbit. A satellite in geostationary...Ch. 4 - Prob. 51EAPCh. 4 - Prob. 52EAPCh. 4 - Moving Candy Bar. Table 4.1 shows that...Ch. 4 - Spontaneous Human Combustion. Suppose that all the...Ch. 4 - Fusion Power. No one has yet succeeded in creating...Ch. 4 - Understanding Newton’s Version of Kepler’s Third...Ch. 4 - Using Newton’s Version of Kepler’s Third Law....Ch. 4 - Escape Velocity. Calculate the escape velocity...Ch. 4 - Weights on Other Worlds. Calculate the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 60EAPCh. 4 - Extra Moon. Suppose Earth had a second moon,...
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