COSMIC PERSPECTIVE
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780135729458
Author: Bennett
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 4, Problem 5EAP
Describe the laws of conservation of momentum, of
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Johannes Kepler worked as an assistant to the observatory of Brahe at the age of 27.
Brahe collected astronomical observations, which were passed into Kepler, on his death.
Among the significant contributions of Brahe:
1. His observations on the planetary motion of Mars were used by later astronomers, including
Kepler to construct the present model of the solar system.
2. In 1572, he observed supernova as a star that appeared suddenly, became visible for 18
months before it faded from view. Nowadays, supernova is called an exploding star.
3. In 1577, he observed a comet by measuring its parallax. His claim contradicted the idea of
Aristotle that comets are "gases burning in the atmosphere." By measuring the parallax for
the comet, he was able to show that the comet was further away than the Moon.
4. His findings that stars do not have parallax, he concluded that either: (a). the earth was
motionless at the center of the universe; or (b). the stars were so far away that their parallax…
Name
Date
What causes one solar system object
to move around another one?
Part A: Why do the planets in our solar system stay in a predictable pattern and not fly off
into space chaotically?
Part B: Explain how mass and distance affect gravity.
1.
How would increasing the mass of the Moon affect the force of gravity?
2. How would decreasing the mass of the Moon affect the force of gravity?
3. How would increasing the distance between Earth and the Moon affect the force of gravity?
4. How would decreasing the distance between Earth to the Moon affect the force of gravity?
Part C:
Based on this idea, why do you think the solar system is set up the way it is?
1. Planet A has an orbital period of 12 years and radius that is 0.033 times the radius of the star. Calculate the fractional dip of the star brightness in the case that planet A is transiting. Give the answer as a number. Quote the formula you use and explain any assumptions you have to make.
2. Planet B has an orbital period of 1 year and is located closer to its star than planet A. You succeed in detecting planet B with the radial velocity technique as well! From this measurement you calculate a minimum mass of planet B to be 75% that of the Earth. (a) Since you detect the planet with both transit method and radial velocity method, what do you know about the inclination of the planetary system? (b) Given this inclination, estimate the true mass of planet B (in units of Earth mass). You do not need to do a detailed calculation, just explain the argument.
3. You also measure the radius of planet B to be the same as Earth, one Earth radius. (a) How does the density of planet B compare…
Chapter 4 Solutions
COSMIC PERSPECTIVE
Ch. 4 - Prob. 1VSCCh. 4 - Use the following questions to check your...Ch. 4 - Use the following questions to check your...Ch. 4 - Use the following questions to check your...Ch. 4 - Use the following questions to check your...Ch. 4 - Define speed, velocity, and acceleration. What are...Ch. 4 - Define momentum and force. What do we mean when we...Ch. 4 - What is free-fall, and why does it make you...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4EAPCh. 4 - Describe the laws of conservation of momentum, of...
Ch. 4 - Define kinetic energy, radiative energy, and...Ch. 4 - Define temperature and thermal energy. How are...Ch. 4 - Prob. 8EAPCh. 4 - 9. Summarize the universal law of gravitation both...Ch. 4 - 10. What is the difference between a bound and an...Ch. 4 - What do we need to know if we want to measure an...Ch. 4 - Explain why orbits cannot change spontaneously,...Ch. 4 - Explain how the Moon creates tides on Earth. Why...Ch. 4 - What is tidal friction? What effects does it have...Ch. 4 - Does It Make Sense?
Decide whether the statement...Ch. 4 - Does It Make Sense?
Decide whether the statement...Ch. 4 - Does It Make Sense?
Decide whether the statement...Ch. 4 - Does It Make Sense?
Decide whether the statement...Ch. 4 - Prob. 19EAPCh. 4 - Prob. 20EAPCh. 4 - Does It Make Sense? Decide whether the statement...Ch. 4 - Does It Make Sense?
Decide whether the statement...Ch. 4 - Does It Make Sense?
Decide whether the statement...Ch. 4 - Does It Make Sense?
Decide whether the statement...Ch. 4 - Choose the best answer to each of the following....Ch. 4 - Choose the best answer to each of the following....Ch. 4 - Choose the best answer to each of the following....Ch. 4 - Choose the best answer to each of the following....Ch. 4 - Choose the best answer to each of the following....Ch. 4 - Prob. 30EAPCh. 4 - Prob. 31EAPCh. 4 - Choose the best answer to each of the following....Ch. 4 - Choose the best answer to each of the following....Ch. 4 - Choose the best answer to each of the following....Ch. 4 - Prob. 35EAPCh. 4 - Testing Gravity. Scientists are continually trying...Ch. 4 - Prob. 38EAPCh. 4 - Prob. 39EAPCh. 4 - Prob. 40EAPCh. 4 - Weightlessness. Astronauts are weightless when in...Ch. 4 - Units of Acceleration. If you drop a rock from a...Ch. 4 - Gravitational Potential Energy. For each of the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 44EAPCh. 4 - The Gravitational Law. How does quadrupling the...Ch. 4 - Allowable Orbits? Suppose the Sun were replaced by...Ch. 4 - Head-to-Foot Tides. You and Earth attract each...Ch. 4 - Prob. 48EAPCh. 4 - Geostationary Orbit. A satellite in geostationary...Ch. 4 - Prob. 51EAPCh. 4 - Prob. 52EAPCh. 4 - Moving Candy Bar. Table 4.1 shows that...Ch. 4 - Spontaneous Human Combustion. Suppose that all the...Ch. 4 - Fusion Power. No one has yet succeeded in creating...Ch. 4 - Understanding Newton’s Version of Kepler’s Third...Ch. 4 - Using Newton’s Version of Kepler’s Third Law....Ch. 4 - Escape Velocity. Calculate the escape velocity...Ch. 4 - Weights on Other Worlds. Calculate the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 60EAPCh. 4 - Extra Moon. Suppose Earth had a second moon,...
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- Kepler’s third law says that the orbital period (in years) is proportional to the square root of the cube of the mean distance (in AU) from the Sun (Pa1.5) . For mean distances from 0.1 to 32 AU, calculate and plot a curve showing the expected Keplerian period. For each planet in our solar system, look up the mean distance from the Sun in AU and the orbital period in years and overplot these data on the theoretical Keplerian curve.arrow_forwardUsing MBH = 6.6 × 10 Mo, calculate the below. a. Find radius of the Schwarzschild sphere (Schwarzschild radius Rs). You can calculated from the appropriate formula or just use the fact that for an object of 1 solar mass Rs = 3 km. b. Express Rs in km, in AU, in parsecs. c. Using the distance to M87 and your result above, find angular radius of the SMBH (Schwarzschild radius). Express it in arcseconds (") and micro- arcseconds (pas) d. Take the radius of Pluto's orbit equal to 40 AU and find its angular size (in micro-arcseconds, pas) at the distance of M87.arrow_forwardSuppose you're in a circular orbit around Saturn (M = 5.683 x 1026 kg) with a semi-major axis of a = 237,948 km. a. What is your orbital velocity? b. Using the "Vis-viva" equation (which can be derived from the total energy) v = GM What is the delta-V you would need to get from your current orbit, into an elliptical orbit that has an apoapsis near Titan (a = 1,221,870 km)?arrow_forward
- 4.) The sun, Earth, and Jupiter are aligned in a straight line. Using the average distances from table 11.1 determine the following: a.) what is the distance between Earth and Jupiter in uniters of metres? (show all work) b.) what is the gravitational attraction between Earth and Jupiter in units of Newton's? (show all work) Object Avg. Radius (m) Mass (kg) Mean sun to planet distance (m) Sun 6.96 x 108 1.99 x 1030 --- Earth 6.38 x 106 5.97 x 1024 1.50 x 1011 Jupiter 7.15 x 107 1.90 x 1027 7.78 x 1011arrow_forwardI am trying to calculate the gravitational mass (in solar masses) I have the formula M= V^2 R / G (4.31 x 10^-6) The paperwork says our numbers should be big but I am coming up with .002 etc. What am I doing wrong?arrow_forwardWhat is an orbital acceleration on an object? Explain it by giving an example.arrow_forward
- Please send me answer of this question within 10 min i will give you like sure.send me typed answer only please.arrow_forwardExplain what is meant by the distance ladder in astronomy. Describe briefly how each “rung” of the distance ladder is calibrated so that a reliable measure of distance can be obtained using each of the methods. State clearly the range of distances that can be measured by each method that makes up the distance ladder.arrow_forwardAnswer it correctly please. Explain your answer. I will rate accordingly with multiple votes.arrow_forward
- GMm F, r2 F(r = R) The surface gravity g of a body is. The acceleration due to gravity that an object m would feel on the surface of the body. A. Show that the surface gravity of Earth is ge = 9.8 m/s². B. Determine the surface gravity of the Sun. C. Determine the surface gravity of the Sun when it becomes a red giant star, assuming RG 1 AU. Use this answer to explain the significant mass loss rates observed in these objects.arrow_forwardPlease help me with this.arrow_forward1. using Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation and some kinematics calculation we can calculate the mass of the planet. For this, use this equation in the image: Given: - vmax = 1.5 m/s - Pstar = 3.5 days - Mstar = 1.148 Msun, where Msun = 1.98847×1030 kg. This calculation is not shown.arrow_forward
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