Universe: Stars And Galaxies
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781319115098
Author: Roger Freedman, Robert Geller, William J. Kaufmann
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 4, Problem 55Q
To determine
(a)
The sidereal period of the asteroid’s orbit.
To determine
(b)
The distance between the asteroid and the sun.
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An object has recently been discovered orbiting the Sun. The following is known about this object. Images indicate it is about 800 km in diameter, appears to be covered in craters, and has a mostly spherical shape. The object was discovered at 42 AU from the Sun, which was found to be the perihelion of its orbit. The aphelion of its orbit was found to be 330 AU.
a) From this information determine the semi-major axis and period of the orbit.
b) Classify the object according to the definitions from the 2006 IAU meeting and describe the area of the Solar System from which it comes.
Comet Halley has a semi-major axis of 17.7 AU. (The AU, or Astronomical Unit, is the distance from the Sun to the Earth. 1 AU = 1.50x1011 m.) The eccentricity of Comet Halley is 0.967.
a. How far is Comet Halley from the sun at Aphelion, the farthest position from the sun? (Give your answer in AU.)?
b. What is comet Halley's orbital time? (Give your answer in years.) Note: Using Kepler's third law in the form: P2 = a3 is convenient. This equation works for any object orbiting the sun when the orbital period is in years and the semi major axis is in AU. The reason this works is because this equation is normalized to earth. The AU and year are both 1 for Earth.
c. In what year will Comet Halley start to move back toward the sun?
Scientist once hypothesized the existence of a planet called vulcan to explain Mercury's precession. Vulcan is supposed to be between mercury and the sun with a solar distance equal to 2/3;of that mercury. What would be its supposed period
Chapter 4 Solutions
Universe: Stars And Galaxies
Ch. 4 - Prob. 1QCh. 4 - Prob. 2QCh. 4 - Prob. 3QCh. 4 - Prob. 4QCh. 4 - Prob. 5QCh. 4 - Prob. 6QCh. 4 - Prob. 7QCh. 4 - Prob. 8QCh. 4 - Prob. 9QCh. 4 - Prob. 10Q
Ch. 4 - Prob. 11QCh. 4 - Prob. 12QCh. 4 - Prob. 13QCh. 4 - Prob. 14QCh. 4 - Prob. 15QCh. 4 - Prob. 16QCh. 4 - Prob. 17QCh. 4 - Prob. 18QCh. 4 - Prob. 19QCh. 4 - Prob. 20QCh. 4 - Prob. 21QCh. 4 - Prob. 22QCh. 4 - Prob. 23QCh. 4 - Prob. 24QCh. 4 - Prob. 25QCh. 4 - Prob. 26QCh. 4 - Prob. 27QCh. 4 - Prob. 28QCh. 4 - Prob. 29QCh. 4 - Prob. 30QCh. 4 - Prob. 31QCh. 4 - Prob. 32QCh. 4 - Prob. 33QCh. 4 - Prob. 34QCh. 4 - Prob. 35QCh. 4 - Prob. 36QCh. 4 - Prob. 37QCh. 4 - Prob. 38QCh. 4 - Prob. 39QCh. 4 - Prob. 40QCh. 4 - Prob. 41QCh. 4 - Prob. 42QCh. 4 - Prob. 43QCh. 4 - Prob. 44QCh. 4 - Prob. 45QCh. 4 - Prob. 46QCh. 4 - Prob. 47QCh. 4 - Prob. 48QCh. 4 - Prob. 49QCh. 4 - Prob. 50QCh. 4 - Prob. 51QCh. 4 - Prob. 52QCh. 4 - Prob. 53QCh. 4 - Prob. 54QCh. 4 - Prob. 55QCh. 4 - Prob. 56QCh. 4 - Prob. 57QCh. 4 - Prob. 58Q
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- Which major planet has the largest . . . A. semimajor axis? B. average orbital speed around the Sun? C. orbital period around the Sun? D. eccentricity?arrow_forwardFor what value of eccentricity, e, would the semi-major axis be the same as the Aphelion distance? - 0 - 0.25 - 0.5 - 0.75arrow_forwardAn asteroid is observed to be on a superior orbit with a synodic period of 441.19 days. What are the sidereal orbital period and semi-major axis of this asteroid?arrow_forward
- Determine what the period of revolution of the Earth would be if its distance from the Sun were 3.5 AU rather than 1 AU. Assume that the mass of the Sun remains the same. The final unit should be y in the answer.arrow_forwardOn the evening of an autumnal equinox day Siddhant noticed that Mars was exactly along the north-south meridian in his sky at the exact moment when the sun was setting. In other words, the Sun and Mars subtended an angle of exactly 90° as measured from the Earth. If the orbital radius of Mars is 1.52 au, What will be the approximate rise time of the mars on the next autumnal equinox day?arrow_forwardAn asteroid has a perihelion distance of 2.0 AU, an aphelion distance of 4.0 AU, and an orbital semimajor axis of 3.0 A.U. Calculate its periodarrow_forward
- Saturn has an orbital period of 29.6 years. Explain how to calculate the average distance from the saturn to the sunarrow_forwardYou land on Mars and observe that one of its moons (Phobos) has an orbital period of 7.66 hours. If the Phobos were farther from Mars than it is now, it’s period would be a) less than 7.66 hrs. b) about 7.66 hrs. c) more than 7.66 hrs. d) difficult to predict without more information.arrow_forwardC) Explain in detailed, with the aid of diagrams, the main properties of the Ptolemaic model of the Solar System? How does the heliocentric model explains the retrograde motion?arrow_forward
- I. Directions: Complete the given table by finding the ratio of the planet's time of revolution to its radius. Average Radius of Orbit Times of Planet R3 T2 T?/R3 Revolution Mercury 5.7869 x 1010 7.605 x 106 Venus 1.081 x 1011 1.941 x 107 Earth 1.496 x 1011 3.156 x 107 1. What pattern do you observe in the last column of data? Which law of Kepler's does this seem to support? II. Solve the given problems. Write your solution on the space provided before each number. 1. You wish to put a 1000-kg satellite into a circular orbit 300 km above the earth's surface. Find the following: a) Speed b) Period c) Radial Acceleration Given: Unknown: Formula: Solution: Answer: Given: Unknown: Formula: Solution: Answer: Given: Unknown: Formula: Solution: Answer:arrow_forwardCongratulations! You just derived a version of Kepler's Third Law for Mars! Using the mass of Mars in kilograms and converting the 4.5 hours to seconds, calculate the distance from the center of the planet. GM kg 4π² ]s)² 3 = And then determine the distance (in km) from the surface. r = rm + rs rs km = kmarrow_forwardAn asteroid is observed to be on a superior orbit with a synodic period of 466.6 days. What are the sidereal orbital period and semi-major axis of this asteroid? Choose the option below that most closely matches your answers. Select one: O a. Sidereal period = 1683 days and %3D semi-major = 2.7 AU O b. Sidereal period = 1683 days and semi-major axis = 4.8 AU O c. Sidereal period = 865 days and semi- major axis = 1.8 AU O d. Sidereal period = 426 day and semi- %3D major axis = 2.7 AU O e. Sidereal period = 1727 days and е. semi-major axis = 0.8 AUarrow_forward
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Kepler's Three Laws Explained; Author: PhysicsHigh;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kyR6EO_RMKE;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY