Astronomy
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168284
Author: Andrew Fraknoi; David Morrison; Sidney C. Wolff
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 4, Problem 53E
Show that the Gregorian calendar will be in error by 1 day in about 3300 years.
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The de-excitation of a state occurs by competing emission and relaxation processes. If the relaxation mechanisms are very effective:a) the emission of radiation is largeb) the emission of radiation is smallc) the emission occurs at a shorter wavelengthd) the de-excitation occurs only by emission processes
m
C
A block of mass m slides down a ramp of height hand
collides with an identical block that is initially at rest.
The two blocks stick together and travel around a loop of
radius R without losing contact with the track. Point A is
at the top of the loop, point B is at the end of a horizon-
tal diameter, and point C is at the bottom of the loop, as
shown in the figure above. Assume that friction between
the track and blocks is negligible.
(a) The dots below represent the two connected
blocks at points A, B, and C. Draw free-body dia-
grams showing and labeling the forces (not com
ponents) exerted on the blocks at each position.
Draw the relative lengths of all vectors to reflect
the relative magnitude of the forces.
Point A
Point B
Point C
(b) For each of the following, derive an expression in
terms of m, h, R, and fundamental constants.
i. The speed of moving block at the bottom of
the ramp, just before it contacts the stationary
block
ii. The speed of the two blocks immediately…
The velocity of an elevator is given by the graph shown.
Assume the positive direction is upward.
Velocity (m/s)
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0
0
5.0
10
15
20
25
Time (s)
(a) Briefly describe the motion of the elevator.
Justify your description with reference to the
graph.
(b) Assume the elevator starts from an initial position
of y = 0 at t=0. Deriving any numerical values
you
need from the graph:
i. Write an equation for the position as a
function of time for the elevator from
t=0 to t = 3.0 seconds.
ii. Write an equation for the position as a
function of time for the elevator from t = 3.0
seconds to t = 19 seconds.
(c) A student of weight mg gets on the elevator
and rides the elevator during the time interval
shown in the graph. Consider the force of con-
tact, F, between the floor and the student. How
Justify your answer with reference to the graph
does F compare to mg at the following times?
and your equations above.
i. = 1.0 s
ii. = 10.0 s
Chapter 4 Solutions
Astronomy
Ch. 4 - Discuss how latitude and longitude on Earth are...Ch. 4 - What is the latitude of the North Pole? The South...Ch. 4 - Make a list of each main phase of the Moon,...Ch. 4 - What are advantages and disadvantages of apparent...Ch. 4 - What are the two ways that the tilt of Earth’s...Ch. 4 - Why is it difficult to construct a practical...Ch. 4 - Explain why there are two high tides and two low...Ch. 4 - What is the phase of the Moon during a total solar...Ch. 4 - On a globe or world map, find the nearest marked...Ch. 4 - Explain three lines of evidence that indicate that...
Ch. 4 - What is the origin of the terms “a.m.” and “p.m.”...Ch. 4 - Explain the origin of the leap year. Why is it...Ch. 4 - Explain why the year 1800 was not a leap year,...Ch. 4 - What fraction of the Moon’s visible face is...Ch. 4 - Why don’t lunar eclipses happen during every full...Ch. 4 - Why does the Moon create tidal bulges on both...Ch. 4 - Why do the heights of the tides change over the...Ch. 4 - Explain how tidal forces are causing Earth to slow...Ch. 4 - Explain how tidal forces are causing the Moon to...Ch. 4 - Explain why the Gregorian calendar modified the...Ch. 4 - The term equinox translates as “equal night.”...Ch. 4 - The term solstice translates as “Sun stop.”...Ch. 4 - Why is the warmest day of the year in the United...Ch. 4 - When Earth’s Northern Hemisphere is tilted toward...Ch. 4 - Where are you on Earth if you experience each of...Ch. 4 - In countries at far northern latitudes, the winter...Ch. 4 - What is the phase of the Moon if it . . . A. rises...Ch. 4 - A car accident occurs around midnight on the night...Ch. 4 - The secret recipe to the ever-popular veggie...Ch. 4 - Your great-great-grandfather, who often...Ch. 4 - One year in the future, when money is no object,...Ch. 4 - Suppose you lived in the crater Copernicus on the...Ch. 4 - In a lunar eclipse, does the Moon enter the shadow...Ch. 4 - Describe what an observer at the crater Copernicus...Ch. 4 - The day on Mars is 1.026 Earth-days long. The...Ch. 4 - What is the right ascension and declination of the...Ch. 4 - What is the right ascension and declination of the...Ch. 4 - What is the right ascension and declination of the...Ch. 4 - During summer in the Northern Hemisphere, the...Ch. 4 - On the day of the vernal equinox, the day length...Ch. 4 - Regions north of the Arctic Circle are known as...Ch. 4 - In a part of Earth’s orbit where Earth is moving...Ch. 4 - In a part of Earth’s orbit where Earth is moving...Ch. 4 - If Sirius rises at 8:00 p.m. tonight, at what time...Ch. 4 - What are three lines of evidence you could use to...Ch. 4 - If the Moon rises at a given location at 6:00 p.m....Ch. 4 - Explain why some solar eclipses are total and some...Ch. 4 - Why do lunar eclipses typically last much longer...Ch. 4 - Suppose Earth took exactly 300.0 days to go around...Ch. 4 - Consider a calendar based entirely on the day and...Ch. 4 - If a star rises at 8:30 p.m. tonight,...Ch. 4 - What is the altitude of the Sun at noon on...Ch. 4 - Show that the Gregorian calendar will be in error...
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