Chapter 4, Problem 52QAP

Without looking at your textbook or the periodic table, name three elements in each of the following groups (families).

1. halogens
2. alkali metals
3. alkaline earth metals
4. noble/inert gases

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The three elements from the halogen family should be named.

Concept Introduction:

Periodic table is arrangement of different elements with the help of columns and rows in order to characterize elements with similar properties in same groups such as alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, halides, noble gases, transition elements etc. In the periodic table, columns represent groups and rows represents periods.

Answer to Problem 52QAP

Fluorine chlorine, and bromine are the elements of halogen family.

Explanation of Solution

The elements of group 17 or17 A are also known as the halogens. The elements of this group are following:

$\begin{array}{l}\text{Elements Electronic configuration (}\text{n}{\text{s}}^2\text{)}\\ \text{Fluorine (F) 2}{\text{s}}^2\text{ 2}{\text{p}}^5\\ \text{Chlorine (Cl) 3}{\text{s}}^{2}3{\text{p}}^5\\ \text{Bromine (Br) 4}{\text{s}}^{2}4{\text{p}}^5\\ \text{Iodine (I) 5}{\text{s}}^{2}5{\text{p}}^5\end{array}$

All the elements have 7 valence electrons, they can accept one electron to complete their octets.

Therefore, three elements from the halogen family are fluorine, chlorine, and bromine.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The three elements from the alkali metal family should be named.

Concept Introduction:

Periodic table is arrangement of different elements with the help of columns and rows in order to characterize elements with similar properties in same groups such as alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, halides, noble gases, transition elements etc. In the periodic table, columns represent groups and rows represents periods.

Answer to Problem 52QAP

Hydrogen, lithium, and sodium are the elements of alkali metals.

Explanation of Solution

Alkali metals:

The elements of the group 1 or I A are also known as alkali metals. The elements of this group are as follows:

$\begin{array}{l}\text{ Elements Electronic configuration (}\text{n}{\text{s}}^1\text{)}\\ \text{Hydrogen (H) 1}{\text{s}}^1\\ \text{Lithium (Li) 2}{\text{s}}^1\\ \text{Sodium (Na) 3}{\text{s}}^1\\ \text{Potassium (K) 4}{\text{s}}^1\\ \text{Rubidium (Rb) 5}{\text{s}}^1\\ \text{Caesium (Cs) 6}{\text{s}}^1\\ \text{Francium (Fr) 7}{\text{s}}^1\end{array}$

All the elements have one valence electron in their outer most shell. They can donate this electron to get one positive charge.

Therefore, three elements are hydrogen, lithium and sodium.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The three elements from the alkaline earth metal family should be named.

Concept Introduction:

Periodic table is arrangement of different elements with the help of columns and rows in order to characterize elements with similar properties in same groups such as alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, halides, noble gases, transition elements etc. In the periodic table, columns represent groups and rows represents periods.

Answer to Problem 52QAP

Beryllium, magnesium and calcium are the elements of alkaline earth metals.

Explanation of Solution

Alkaline earth metals:

The elements of the group 2 or 2A are known as alkaline earth metals. The elements of this group are following:

$\begin{array}{l}\text{ Elements Electronic configuration (}\text{n}{\text{s}}^2\text{)}\\ \text{Beryllium (Be) 2}{\text{s}}^2\\ \text{Magnesium (Mg) 3}{\text{s}}^2\\ \text{Calcium (Ca) 4}{\text{s}}^2\\ \text{Strontium (Sr) 5}{\text{s}}^2\\ \text{Barium (Ba) 6}{\text{s}}^2\\ \text{Radium (Ra) 7}{\text{s}}^2\end{array}$

They have two electrons in their outermost shells, they can donate these electrons to get 2 positive charge.

Therefore, three elements are beryllium, magnesium and calcium.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The three elements from the noble/inert family should be named.

Concept Introduction:

Periodic table is arrangement of different elements with the help of columns and rows in order to characterize elements with similar properties in same groups such as alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, halides, noble gases, transition elements etc. In the periodic table, columns represent groups and rows represents periods.

Answer to Problem 52QAP

Helium, neon and argon are the elements of noble gases.

Explanation of Solution

The elements of group 18, which are known as noble gases are following:

1. helium (He).
2. neon (Ne).
3. argon (Ar).
4. krypton (Kr).
5. xenon (Xe).
6. radon (Rn).
7. oganesson(Og).

They are known as noble gas because they have complete octets thus, they are non-reactive in nature.

The three noble or inert gases are helium, neon and argon.